A method based on 3D affine alignment for the quantification of palatal expansion

Introduction: The current methodologies to quantify the palatal expansion are based on a preliminary rigid superimposition of 3D digital models representing the status of a given patient at different times. A new method based on affine alignment is proposed and compared to the gold standard, leading to the automatic analysis of 3-dimensional structural changes and to a simple numeric quantification of overall expansion vector and a better alignment of the digital models. Materials and methods: 40 digital models (timing span delta 25.8 ± 12.5 months) from young patients (mean age 10.7 ± 2.6) treated with two different palatal expansion techniques (20 subjects with RME—Rapid Maxillary Expander, and 20 subjects with NiTiSE, NiTi self-expander) were superimposed with the new affine alignment technique implemented as an extension package of the open-source MeshLab, from a golden standard starting point of rigid alignment. The results were then compared. Results: The new measurement function indicates a mean expansion expressed in a single numeric value of 9.3%, 10.3% for the RME group and 8.4% for the NiTiSE group respectively. The comparison with the golden standard showed a decrease to the average error from 0.91 mm to 0.58 mm. Conclusions: Affine alignment improves the current perspective of structural change quantification in the specific group of growing patients treated with palatal expanders giving the clinician useful information on the 3-dimensional morphological changes.