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Rapid label-free detection of cholangiocarcinoma from human serum using Raman spectroscopy

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  • Peeraya Suksuratin
  • Rutchanee Rodpai
  • Vor Luvira
  • Pewpan M Intapan
  • Wanchai Maleewong
  • Oranat Chuchuen

Abstract

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is highly prevalent in the northeastern region of Thailand. Current diagnostic methods for CCA are often expensive, time-consuming, and require medical professionals. Thus, there is a need for a simple and low-cost CCA screening method. This work developed a rapid label-free technique by Raman spectroscopy combined with the multivariate statistical methods of principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA), aiming to analyze and classify between CCA (n = 30) and healthy (n = 30) serum specimens. The model’s classification performance was validated using k-fold cross validation (k = 5). Serum levels of cholesterol (548, 700 cm-1), tryptophan (878 cm-1), and amide III (1248,1265 cm-1) were found to be statistically significantly higher in the CCA patients, whereas serum beta-carotene (1158, 1524 cm-1) levels were significantly lower. The peak heights of these identified Raman marker bands were input into an LDA model, achieving a cross-validated diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 71.33% and 90.00% in distinguishing the CCA from healthy specimens. The PCA-LDA technique provided a higher cross-validated sensitivity and specificity of 86.67% and 96.67%. To conclude, this work demonstrated the feasibility of using Raman spectroscopy combined with PCA-LDA as a helpful tool for cholangiocarcinoma serum-based screening.

Suggested Citation

  • Peeraya Suksuratin & Rutchanee Rodpai & Vor Luvira & Pewpan M Intapan & Wanchai Maleewong & Oranat Chuchuen, 2022. "Rapid label-free detection of cholangiocarcinoma from human serum using Raman spectroscopy," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 17(10), pages 1-17, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0275362
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275362
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Supot Kamsa-ard & Chalongpon Santong & Siriporn Kamsa-ard & Vor Luvira & Varisara Luvira & Krittika Suwanrungruang & Vajarabhongsa Bhudhisawasdi, 2021. "Decreasing trends in cholangiocarcinoma incidence and relative survival in Khon Kaen, Thailand: An updated, inclusive, population-based cancer registry analysis for 1989–2018," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(2), pages 1-18, February.
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