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The impact of urinary incontinence on falls: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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  • Shinje Moon
  • Hye Soo Chung
  • Yoon Jung Kim
  • Sung Jin Kim
  • Ohseong Kwon
  • Young Goo Lee
  • Jae Myung Yu
  • Sung Tae Cho

Abstract

Objective: Previous studies on the association between urinary incontinence (UI) and falls have reported conflicting results. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate and clarify this association through a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant studies. Methods: We performed a literature search for relevant studies in databases including PubMed and EMBASE from inception up to December 13, 2020, using several search terms related to UI and falls. Based on the data reported in these studies, we calculated the pooled odds ratios (ORs) for falls and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the Mantel–Haenszel method. Results: This meta-analysis included 38 articles and a total of 230,129 participants. UI was significantly associated with falls (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.45–1.83). Subgroup analyses based on the age and sex of the participants revealed a significant association between UI and falls in older (≥65 years) participants (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.31–1.93), and in both men (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.57–2.25) and women (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.29–1.54). Subgroup analysis based on the definition of falls revealed a significant association between UI and falls (≥1 fall event) (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.42–1.82) and recurrent falls (≥2 fall events) (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.49–1.78). According to the UI type, a significant association between UI and falls was observed in patients with urgency UI (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.15–1.70) and those with stress UI (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.39–2.15). Conclusions: This meta-analysis, which was based on evidence from a review of the published literature, clearly demonstrated that UI is an important risk factor for falls in both general and older populations.

Suggested Citation

  • Shinje Moon & Hye Soo Chung & Yoon Jung Kim & Sung Jin Kim & Ohseong Kwon & Young Goo Lee & Jae Myung Yu & Sung Tae Cho, 2021. "The impact of urinary incontinence on falls: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(5), pages 1-18, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0251711
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251711
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gregor John & Claire Bardini & Christophe Combescure & Patrick Dällenbach, 2016. "Urinary Incontinence as a Predictor of Death: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(7), pages 1-19, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Pau Farrés-Godayol & Javier Jerez-Roig & Eduard Minobes-Molina & Meltem Yildirim & Miriam Molas-Tuneu & Anna Escribà-Salvans & Sandra Rierola-Fochs & Montse Romero-Mas & Miriam Torres-Moreno & Laura C, 2022. "Urinary Incontinence and Its Association with Physical and Psycho-Cognitive Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older People Living in Nursing Homes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-24, January.

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