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Raman spectroscopy of a near infrared absorbing proteorhodopsin: Similarities to the bacteriorhodopsin O photointermediate

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  • Gaoxiang Mei
  • Natalia Mamaeva
  • Srividya Ganapathy
  • Peng Wang
  • Willem J DeGrip
  • Kenneth J Rothschild

Abstract

Microbial rhodopsins have become an important tool in the field of optogenetics. However, effective in vivo optogenetics is in many cases severely limited due to the strong absorption and scattering of visible light by biological tissues. Recently, a combination of opsin site-directed mutagenesis and analog retinal substitution has produced variants of proteorhodopsin which absorb maximally in the near-infrared (NIR). In this study, UV-Visible-NIR absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopy were used to study the double mutant, D212N/F234S, of green absorbing proteorhodopsin (GPR) regenerated with MMAR, a retinal analog containing a methylamino modified β-ionone ring. Four distinct subcomponent absorption bands with peak maxima near 560, 620, 710 and 780 nm are detected with the NIR bands dominant at pH

Suggested Citation

  • Gaoxiang Mei & Natalia Mamaeva & Srividya Ganapathy & Peng Wang & Willem J DeGrip & Kenneth J Rothschild, 2018. "Raman spectroscopy of a near infrared absorbing proteorhodopsin: Similarities to the bacteriorhodopsin O photointermediate," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(12), pages 1-24, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0209506
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209506
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nicholas C. Flytzanis & Claire N. Bedbrook & Hui Chiu & Martin K. M. Engqvist & Cheng Xiao & Ken Y. Chan & Paul W. Sternberg & Frances H. Arnold & Viviana Gradinaru, 2014. "Archaerhodopsin variants with enhanced voltage-sensitive fluorescence in mammalian and Caenorhabditis elegans neurons," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 5(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Oded Béjà & Elena N. Spudich & John L. Spudich & Marion Leclerc & Edward F. DeLong, 2001. "Proteorhodopsin phototrophy in the ocean," Nature, Nature, vol. 411(6839), pages 786-789, June.
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