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Resilience in the General Population: Standardization of the Resilience Scale (RS-11)

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  • Rüya-Daniela Kocalevent
  • Markus Zenger
  • Ines Heinen
  • Sarah Dwinger
  • Oliver Decker
  • Elmar Brähler

Abstract

Background: The objectives of the study were to generate normative data for the RS-11 for different age groups for men and women and to further investigate the construct validity and factor structure in the general population. Methods: Nationally representative face-to face household surveys were conducted in Germany in 2006 (n = 5,036). Results: Normative data for the RS-11 were generated for men and women (53.7% female) and different age levels (mean age (SD) of 48.4 (18.0) years). Men had significantly higher mean scores compared with women (60.0 [SD = 10.2] vs. 59.3 [SD = 11.0]). Results of CFA supported a one-factor model of resilience. Self-esteem (standardized β = .50) and life satisfaction (standardized β =.20) were associated with resilience. Conclusions: The normative data provide a framework for the interpretation and comparisons of resilience with other populations. Results demonstrate a special importance of self-esteem in the understanding of resilience.

Suggested Citation

  • Rüya-Daniela Kocalevent & Markus Zenger & Ines Heinen & Sarah Dwinger & Oliver Decker & Elmar Brähler, 2015. "Resilience in the General Population: Standardization of the Resilience Scale (RS-11)," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(11), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0140322
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140322
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