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The Importance of Body Weight for the Dose Response Relationship of Oral Vitamin D Supplementation and Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Healthy Volunteers

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  • John Paul Ekwaru
  • Jennifer D Zwicker
  • Michael F Holick
  • Edward Giovannucci
  • Paul J Veugelers

Abstract

Unlike vitamin D recommendations by the Institute of Medicine, the Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Endocrine Society acknowledge body weight differentials and recommend obese subjects be given two to three times more vitamin D to satisfy their body's vitamin D requirement. However, the Endocrine Society also acknowledges that there are no good studies that clearly justify this. In this study we examined the combined effect of vitamin D supplementation and body weight on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)D) and serum calcium in healthy volunteers. We analyzed 22,214 recordings of vitamin D supplement use and serum 25(OH)D from 17,614 healthy adult volunteers participating in a preventive health program. This program encourages the use of vitamin D supplementation and monitors its use and serum 25(OH)D and serum calcium levels. Participants reported vitamin D supplementation ranging from 0 to 55,000 IU per day and had serum 25(OH)D levels ranging from 10.1 to 394 nmol/L. The dose response relationship between vitamin D supplementation and serum 25(OH)D followed an exponential curve. On average, serum 25(OH)D increased by 12.0 nmol/L per 1,000 IU in the supplementation interval of 0 to 1,000 IU per day and by 1.1 nmol/L per 1,000 IU in the supplementation interval of 15,000 to 20,000 IU per day. BMI, relative to absolute body weight, was found to be the better determinant of 25(OH)D. Relative to normal weight subjects, obese and overweight participants had serum 25(OH)D that were on average 19.8 nmol/L and 8.0 nmol/L lower, respectively (P

Suggested Citation

  • John Paul Ekwaru & Jennifer D Zwicker & Michael F Holick & Edward Giovannucci & Paul J Veugelers, 2014. "The Importance of Body Weight for the Dose Response Relationship of Oral Vitamin D Supplementation and Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Healthy Volunteers," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(11), pages 1-11, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0111265
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111265
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    Cited by:

    1. Jacob M. Hands & Patrick G. Corr & Leigh A. Frame, 2023. "Clarifying the Heterogeneity in Response to Vitamin D in the Development, Prevention, and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(12), pages 1-13, June.
    2. Jennfier D. Zwicker, 2015. "D-fence Against the Canadian Winter: Making Insufficient Vitamin D Levels a Higher Priority for Public Health," SPP Research Papers, The School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, vol. 8(19), April.

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