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Dietary Cadmium Intake and the Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

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  • Young Ae Cho
  • Jeongseon Kim
  • Hae Dong Woo
  • Moonsu Kang

Abstract

Background: Diet is a major source of cadmium intake among the non-smoking general population. Recent studies have determined that cadmium exposure may produce adverse health effects at lower exposure levels than previously predicted. We conducted a meta-analysis to combine and analyze the results of previous studies that have investigated the association of dietary cadmium intake and cancer risk. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE database for case-control and cohort studies that assessed the association of dietary cadmium intake and cancer risk. We performed a meta-analysis using eight eligible studies to summarize the data and summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. Results: Overall, dietary cadmium intake showed no statistically significant association with cancer risk (RR = 1.10; 95% CI: 0.99–1.22, for highest vs. lowest dietary cadmium group). However, there was strong evidence of heterogeneity, and subgroup analyses were conducted using the study design, geographical location, and cancer type. In subgroup analyses, the positive associations between dietary cadmium intake and cancer risk were observed among studies with Western populations (RR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.08–1.23) and studies investigating some hormone-related cancers (prostate, breast, and endometrial cancers). Conclusion: Our analysis found a positive association between dietary cadmium intake and cancer risk among studies conducted in Western countries, particularly with hormone-related cancers. Additional experimental and epidemiological studies are required to verify our findings.

Suggested Citation

  • Young Ae Cho & Jeongseon Kim & Hae Dong Woo & Moonsu Kang, 2013. "Dietary Cadmium Intake and the Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(9), pages 1-1, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0075087
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075087
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    Cited by:

    1. Nisarat Songprasert & Thitiporn Sukaew & Khanitta Kusreesakul & Witaya Swaddiwudhipong & Chantana Padungtod & Kanitta Bundhamcharoen, 2015. "Additional Burden of Diseases Associated with Cadmium Exposure: A Case Study of Cadmium Contaminated Rice Fields in Mae Sot District, Tak Province, Thailand," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-19, August.
    2. Maddalena Mallozzi & Chiara Leone & Francesca Manurita & Filippo Bellati & Donatella Caserta, 2017. "Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Endometrial Cancer: An Overview of Recent Laboratory Evidence and Epidemiological Studies," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-23, March.

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