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Smoking and Multiple Sclerosis: An Updated Meta-Analysis

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  • Adam E Handel
  • Alexander J Williamson
  • Giulio Disanto
  • Ruth Dobson
  • Gavin Giovannoni
  • Sreeram V Ramagopalan

Abstract

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a leading cause of disability in young adults. Susceptibility to MS is determined by environmental exposure on the background of genetic risk factors. A previous meta-analysis suggested that smoking was an important risk factor for MS but many other studies have been published since then. Methods/Principal Findings: We performed a Medline search to identify articles published that investigated MS risk following cigarette smoking. A total of 14 articles were included in this study. This represented data on 3,052 cases and 457,619 controls. We analysed these studies in both a conservative (limiting our analysis to only those where smoking behaviour was described prior to disease onset) and non-conservative manner. Our results show that smoking is associated with MS susceptibility (conservative: risk ratio (RR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35–1.63, p

Suggested Citation

  • Adam E Handel & Alexander J Williamson & Giulio Disanto & Ruth Dobson & Gavin Giovannoni & Sreeram V Ramagopalan, 2011. "Smoking and Multiple Sclerosis: An Updated Meta-Analysis," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(1), pages 1-6, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0016149
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016149
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