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Burden of antimicrobial resistance in culture-confirmed Salmonella Typhi isolates in India from 1977 to 2024: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Vijayalaxmi V Mogasale
  • Peixuan Zhang
  • Jacob John
  • Habib Hasan Farooqui
  • Arindam Ray
  • Vittal Mogasale
  • Christopher M Parry
  • Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel
  • W John Edmunds
  • Andrew Clark
  • Kaja Abbas

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) is a persistent public health threat in India. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence and temporal trends of AMR S. Typhi across Indian states to inform prevention and treatment strategies. Methods: We systematically reviewed antimicrobial resistance in S. Typhi isolates from India, including studies published up to March 31, 2025, with no start-date restriction. We screened eligible articles from PubMed-MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and AMR surveillance networks and excluded studies on chronic carriers and travellers. We assessed risk of bias using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies – of Exposures (ROBINS-E) tool. We conducted meta-analysis using a random-effects model to estimate the prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR; resistance to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and co-trimoxazole) and resistance to fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins, and azithromycin across five-year periods, Indian states, and age groups (

Suggested Citation

  • Vijayalaxmi V Mogasale & Peixuan Zhang & Jacob John & Habib Hasan Farooqui & Arindam Ray & Vittal Mogasale & Christopher M Parry & Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel & W John Edmunds & Andrew Clark & Kaja Abbas, 2026. "Burden of antimicrobial resistance in culture-confirmed Salmonella Typhi isolates in India from 1977 to 2024: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 20(4), pages 1-14, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pntd00:0014206
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0014206
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