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Clinical features and mortality risk factors in non-HIV elderly patients with cryptococcal meningitis: A retrospective cohort study from 2013 to 2022

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  • Xiaofeng Xu
  • Xiaohong Su
  • Weipeng Li
  • Li Xu
  • Dongcheng Li
  • Kai Dai
  • Junyu Liu
  • Jia Liu
  • Fuhua Peng
  • Ying Jiang

Abstract

Background: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a life-threatening fungal infection with increasing incidence among non-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) elderly populations. However, data on CM in non-HIV elderly patients are limited. This study aimed to analyze the clinical features, outcomes, and prognostic factors in non-HIV elderly CM patients using the largest dataset to date. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from 667 non-HIV CM patients treated between 2013 and 2022. Patients were categorized into elderly (≥60 years) and non-elderly groups. Clinical features, laboratory findings, and neuroimaging results were analyzed. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression identified prognostic factors, and multivariate logistic regression was used to construct a nomogram for predicting mortality. The model’s discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were evaluated. Results: Elderly patients accounted for 23.5% of the study population, exhibited distinct clinical characteristics, and had a significantly higher one-year all-cause mortality rate (31.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 23.61-38.71] vs. 13.8% [95% CI 10.77-16.81], P

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaofeng Xu & Xiaohong Su & Weipeng Li & Li Xu & Dongcheng Li & Kai Dai & Junyu Liu & Jia Liu & Fuhua Peng & Ying Jiang, 2025. "Clinical features and mortality risk factors in non-HIV elderly patients with cryptococcal meningitis: A retrospective cohort study from 2013 to 2022," PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(9), pages 1-15, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pntd00:0013521
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0013521
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