Clinical presentation of Oropouche virus infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The recent surge in incidence and geographic spread of OROV infections poses an escalating threat to global public health. However, studies exploring the clinical signs of OROV infection remains exceedingly limited. Methods: We searched for OROV studies published until June 17, 2024, in several electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Library. Results: In total, 15 studies involving 806 patients with OROV infection were eligible for inclusion. General symptoms with fever and headache were the most common. Gastrointestinal disturbances like nausea/vomiting, anorexia, and odynophagia were also prevalent, along with ocular symptoms, mainly retro-orbital pain, photophobia, and redness. Respiratory symptoms, such as cough, sore throat and nasal congestion, are present, and skin-related issues like rash, pruritus, and pallor were also identified. Conclusion: Overall, this study provides a foundational understanding of OROV’s clinical manifestations to guide diagnosis, management, and public health interventions against this neglected tropical disease. Author summary: In the realm of life sciences, understanding the full scope of infectious diseases is crucial for protecting public health. Oropouche virus (OROV), a relatively under-studied pathogen, has been showing an alarming increase in both incidence and geographical spread recently. Despite its growing threat, our knowledge of the clinical symptoms it causes has been severely lacking. Our study is the first of its kind to comprehensively review and analyze available research on OROV-related symptoms. By pooling 15 studies involving 806 patients, we’ve uncovered a range of symptoms from common fever and headache to less-known ocular, gastrointestinal, and skin - related issues. This new understanding is vital. For scientists, it lays the groundwork for further research into OROV’s biology and disease mechanisms. For non-scientists, it helps in early recognition of the disease, which is key to getting proper medical care and preventing its spread.