Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a neglected tropical disease in Latin America

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), a severe and extraordinarily lethal infectious disease, has emerged as a widespread public health crisis among predominantly vulnerable populations in several countries of Latin America, particularly evident in northern Mexico. Historically, RMSF has gained less attention than many other tropical infectious diseases, resulting in insufficient allocations of resources and development of capabilities for its prevention and control in endemic regions. We argue that RMSF fulfills accepted criteria for a neglected tropical disease (NTD). The relative neglect of RMSF in most Latin American countries contributes to disparities in morbidity and mortality witnessed in this region. By recognizing RMSF as an NTD, an increased public policy interest, equitable and more appropriate allocation of resources, scientific interest, and social participation can ameliorate the impact of this potentially treatable disease, particularly in vulnerable populations.Author summary: Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), a severe and extraordinarily lethal infectious disease, affects predominantly vulnerable populations in several countries of Latin America. The pathogen, Rickettsia rickettsii, is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected hard ticks from the family Ixodidae. When RMSF is not diagnosed or treated promptly, it often results in life-threatening disease and can be rapidly fatal in as many as 30% to 60% of patients. Among survivors, RMSF can result in long-term sequelae, including permanent cognitive deficits and amputations resulting from gangrene of extremities and appendages.