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The association between monthly ambient temperatures and ischemic heart disease mortality in the United States: A nationwide ecological analysis, 1999–2020

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  • Hafiz M Ahmed
  • Ubaid ur Rehman
  • Zubian Ahmed
  • Muhammad Owais
  • Ehsan Zaib
  • Muhammad Moeez Mustafa

Abstract

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, but the long-term impact of ambient temperature on IHD mortality remains poorly characterized. Existing research has largely examined short-term temperature extremes. This study is among the first to quantify the association between monthly ambient temperature and IHD mortality across the United States over a 22-year period. In this nationwide ecological study, we examined monthly state-level associations between ambient temperature and IHD mortality from 1999–2020. Mortality data were obtained from CDC WONDER and temperature data from the National Centers for Environmental Information. A negative binomial regression with a distributed lag non-linear model estimated the temperature–mortality relationship, adjusting for state, year, and month fixed effects. Subgroup analyses were conducted by age, sex, race, and climate. A strong inverse association between ambient temperature and IHD mortality was observed (Wald p

Suggested Citation

  • Hafiz M Ahmed & Ubaid ur Rehman & Zubian Ahmed & Muhammad Owais & Ehsan Zaib & Muhammad Moeez Mustafa, 2026. "The association between monthly ambient temperatures and ischemic heart disease mortality in the United States: A nationwide ecological analysis, 1999–2020," PLOS Global Public Health, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(6), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pgph00:0006641
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0006641
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