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Determinants of caesarean section use in Ghana: A trend analysis of 2003–2022 DHS data

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  • Johnson Sam
  • Christian Kasu

Abstract

The global rise in caesarean section (CS) delivery has raised significant public health concerns, particularly regarding drivers and potential health implications. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends CS rates between 5% and 15%, global averages exceed this range, with regional disparities and medically unjustified procedures contributing to the increase. In Ghana, similar trends are emerging amid infrastructural and referral system limitations, yet limited studies have used nationally representative data to track changes over time. This study used data from the 2003, 2008, 2014, and 2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys (GDHS) to examine trends and determinants of CS among women aged 15–49 years who had a live birth in the five years preceding the survey. Weighted descriptive statistics and multilevel logistic regression were employed to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for predictors, accounting for the complex survey design. Key variables included survey year, antenatal care (ANC) attendance, maternal education, household wealth, birth size, multiple births, maternal age, and birth order. CS prevalence rose from 4.4% in 2003 to 20.1% in 2022 (p

Suggested Citation

  • Johnson Sam & Christian Kasu, 2025. "Determinants of caesarean section use in Ghana: A trend analysis of 2003–2022 DHS data," PLOS Global Public Health, Public Library of Science, vol. 5(11), pages 1-12, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pgph00:0005473
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0005473
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