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10-year level, trends and socio-demographic disparities of obesity among Ghanaian adults—A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

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  • Mustapha Titi Yussif
  • Araba Egyirba Morrison
  • Reginald Adjetey Annan

Abstract

The double burden of malnutrition has assumed severer forms in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) arising from sharper increases in prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in these countries compared to higher income countries. Considering that LMICs already have fragile health systems, the rising obesity levels may just be a ticking time bomb requiring expeditious implementation of priority actions by all global and national actors to prevent an explosion of cardiovascular disease related deaths. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide a current estimate of obesity and overweight prevalence among Ghanaian adults and assess socio-demographic disparities following the PRISMA guidelines. We searched Pubmed with Medline, Embase, Science direct and African Journals Online (AJOL) for studies on overweight and obesity published between 2013 and January 2023. Applying a quality effects model, pooled mean Body Mass Index (BMI) and prevalence of overweight and obesity were obtained from 42 studies conducted across all three geographical locations of Ghana with a combined sample size of 29137. From the analysis, the mean BMI of adults in Ghana was 24.7 kgm-2 while overweight and obesity prevalence was estimated as 23.1% and 13.3% respectively. Temporal analysis showed sharper increases in overweight and obesity prevalence from 2017/2018. Mean BMI (Females: 25.3kgm-2 vrs Males: 23.1 kgm-2), overweight (Females: 25.9% vrs Males: 16.5%) and obesity (Females: 17.4% vrs Males: 5.5%) prevalence were higher among females than males. Gender differences in mean BMI and obesity prevalence were both significant at p

Suggested Citation

  • Mustapha Titi Yussif & Araba Egyirba Morrison & Reginald Adjetey Annan, 2024. "10-year level, trends and socio-demographic disparities of obesity among Ghanaian adults—A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies," PLOS Global Public Health, Public Library of Science, vol. 4(1), pages 1-36, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pgph00:0002844
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002844
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    1. Innocent Ijezie Chukwuonye & Kenneth Arinze Ohagwu & Okechukwu Samuel Ogah & Collins John & Efosa Oviasu & Ernest Ndukaife Anyabolu & Ignatius Ugochukwu Ezeani & Gabriel Uche Paschal Iloh & Miracle Er, 2022. "Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Nigeria: Systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies," PLOS Global Public Health, Public Library of Science, vol. 2(6), pages 1-20, June.
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