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“In our culture, if you quarantine someone, you stigmatize them”: Qualitative insights on barriers to observing COVID-19 prevention behaviors in Côte d’Ivoire

Author

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  • Natalie Jean Tibbels
  • Abdul Dosso
  • Kouamé Walter Kra
  • Konan Dorgeles Gbeke
  • Gervais Coffi
  • Alex Romeo Ngoran
  • Jean Louis Niamke
  • Marjorie Nana
  • William Benié
  • Zoé Mistrale Hendrickson
  • Danielle Amani Naugle

Abstract

While vaccines are now authorized for use against the SARS-CoV2 virus, they remain inaccessible for much of the world and widespread hesitancy persists. Ending the COVID-19 pandemic depends on continued prevention behaviors such as mask wearing, distancing, hand hygiene, and limiting large gatherings. Research in low- and middle-income countries has focused on the prevalence of adherence and demographic determinants, but there is a need for a nuanced understanding of why people do or do not practice a given prevention behavior. The Breakthrough ACTION project led by Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs conducted a qualitative study in November 2020 in Côte d’Ivoire to explore people’s experience with and perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted 24 focus group discussions and 29 in-depth interviews with members of the general population and health providers. This analysis explores barriers and facilitators to seven recommended prevention behaviors with a particular focus on response efficacy, self-efficacy, and social norms. We found these constructs to be salient for participants who generally felt that the behaviors were useful for preventing COVID-19 but were difficult to practice for a variety of reasons. The perception that COVID-19 prevention behaviors were anti-social emerged as a key theme. Behavior change interventions must reframe the recommended behaviors as pro-social, while making them very easy to practice by removing social and structural barriers such as the expense or inaccessibility of masks and hand sanitizer.

Suggested Citation

  • Natalie Jean Tibbels & Abdul Dosso & Kouamé Walter Kra & Konan Dorgeles Gbeke & Gervais Coffi & Alex Romeo Ngoran & Jean Louis Niamke & Marjorie Nana & William Benié & Zoé Mistrale Hendrickson & Danie, 2022. "“In our culture, if you quarantine someone, you stigmatize them”: Qualitative insights on barriers to observing COVID-19 prevention behaviors in Côte d’Ivoire," PLOS Global Public Health, Public Library of Science, vol. 2(8), pages 1-20, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:plo:pgph00:0000489
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000489
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Umakrishnan Kollamparambil & Adeola Oyenubi, 2021. "Behavioural response to the Covid-19 pandemic in South Africa," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(4), pages 1-19, April.
    2. António Júnior & Janeth Dula & Sérgio Mahumane & Olivier Koole & Sónia Enosse & Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo & Robert Colebunders, 2021. "Adherence to COVID-19 Preventive Measures in Mozambique: Two Consecutive Online Surveys," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-9, January.
    3. Leila Abdullahi & John Joseph Onyango & Carol Mukiira & Joyce Wamicwe & Rachel Githiomi & David Kariuki & Cosmas Mugambi & Peter Wanjohi & George Githuka & Charles Nzioka & Jennifer Orwa & Rose Oronje, 2020. "Community interventions in Low—And Middle-Income Countries to inform COVID-19 control implementation decisions in Kenya: A rapid systematic review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(12), pages 1-29, December.
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