Relating local connectivity and global dynamics in recurrent excitatory-inhibitory networks

How the connectivity of cortical networks determines the neural dynamics and the resulting computations is one of the key questions in neuroscience. Previous works have pursued two complementary approaches to quantify the structure in connectivity. One approach starts from the perspective of biological experiments where only the local statistics of connectivity motifs between small groups of neurons are accessible. Another approach is based instead on the perspective of artificial neural networks where the global connectivity matrix is known, and in particular its low-rank structure can be used to determine the resulting low-dimensional dynamics. A direct relationship between these two approaches is however currently missing. Specifically, it remains to be clarified how local connectivity statistics and the global low-rank connectivity structure are inter-related and shape the low-dimensional activity. To bridge this gap, here we develop a method for mapping local connectivity statistics onto an approximate global low-rank structure. Our method rests on approximating the global connectivity matrix using dominant eigenvectors, which we compute using perturbation theory for random matrices. We demonstrate that multi-population networks defined from local connectivity statistics for which the central limit theorem holds can be approximated by low-rank connectivity with Gaussian-mixture statistics. We specifically apply this method to excitatory-inhibitory networks with reciprocal motifs, and show that it yields reliable predictions for both the low-dimensional dynamics, and statistics of population activity. Importantly, it analytically accounts for the activity heterogeneity of individual neurons in specific realizations of local connectivity. Altogether, our approach allows us to disentangle the effects of mean connectivity and reciprocal motifs on the global recurrent feedback, and provides an intuitive picture of how local connectivity shapes global network dynamics.Author summary: The structure of connections between neurons is believed to determine how cortical networks control behaviour. Current experimental methods typically measure connections between small numbers of simultaneously recorded neurons, and thereby provide information on statistics of local connectivity motifs. Collective network dynamics are however determined by network-wide patterns of connections. How these global patterns are related to local connectivity statistics and shape the dynamics is an open question that we address in this study. Starting from networks defined in terms of local statistics, we develop a method for approximating the resulting connectivity by global low-rank patterns. We apply this method to classical excitatory-inhibitory networks and show that it allows us to predict both collective and single-neuron activity. More generally, our approach provides a link between local connectivity statistics and global network dynamics.