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A Demographic Analysis of Income Distribution in Estonia*

Author

Listed:
  • Lisa Wilder

    (Bowling Green State University)

  • Mary Ellen Benedict

    (Bowling Green State University)

  • Marie Viies

    (Institute of Economics)

Abstract

This paper identifies the head of household demographic characteristics associated with the Estonian distribution of income. Using measures of income inequality and regression analysis on 1995 household data, we examine how household income is distributed by the age, gender, race, and education level of the heads of household. The Gini coefficient estimates indicate that the household incomes associated with female and elderly heads have an equalizing effect. Households headed by younger males or those who are educated contribute to greater income disparity. The regression analysis confirms these results and suggests that social transfers for households headed by women, the disabled, and the elderly, have an equalizing effect on the income distribution. We also find that farm households appear to lag far behind their urban counterparts in earnings and income.

Suggested Citation

  • Lisa Wilder & Mary Ellen Benedict & Marie Viies, 1999. "A Demographic Analysis of Income Distribution in Estonia*," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 41(1), pages 96-113, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:compes:v:41:y:1999:i:1:p:96-113
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    Cited by:

    1. Randall K. Filer & Jan Hanousek, 2002. "Data Watch: Research Data from Transition Economies," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 16(1), pages 225-240, Winter.
    2. John Hoag & Mark Kasoff, 1999. "Estonia in Transition," Journal of Economic Issues, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(4), pages 919-931, December.
    3. Lisa Wilder & Mary Benedict, 2002. "Regional earnings differences in estonia: The influence of demographic characteristics," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 8(3), pages 201-214, August.

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