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International Corporate Diversification and Financial Flexibility

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  • Yeejin Jang

Abstract

If the location of firm operations is relevant for financing, multinationals should have easier access to different foreign sources of funding relative to domestic firms. I document that U.S. multinationals are more likely to borrow from a foreign bank and to issue international bonds than are U.S. domestic firms. Multinationals are less affected than domestic firms by capital market dislocations because of greater funding flexibility. Using the 2007–2009 financial crisis as a capital supply shock, I find that multinationals relied more on foreign funding sources in bank loans and consequently reduced domestic investment less than did domestic firms. Received January 27, 2015; editorial decision March 20, 2017 by Editor David Denis.

Suggested Citation

  • Yeejin Jang, 2017. "International Corporate Diversification and Financial Flexibility," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 30(12), pages 4133-4178.
  • Handle: RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:30:y:2017:i:12:p:4133-4178.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/rfs/hhx065
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    Cited by:

    1. Garrido-Prada, Pablo & Delgado-Rodriguez, Maria Jesús & Romero-Jordán, Desiderio, 2019. "Effect of product and geographic diversification on company performance: Evidence during an economic crisis," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 269-286.
    2. Irem Demirci & Miguel A Ferreira & Pedro Matos & Clemens Sialm, 2022. "How Global Is Your Mutual Fund? International Diversification from Multinationals," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 35(7), pages 3337-3372.
    3. Bronzini, Raffaello & D’Ignazio, Alessio & Revelli, Davide, 2022. "Financial structure and bank relationships of Italian multinational firms," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    4. Williamson, Rohan & Yang, Jie, 2021. "Tapping into financial synergies: Alleviating financial constraints through acquisitions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    5. Ma, Huanyu & Hao, Dapeng, 2022. "Economic policy uncertainty, financial development, and financial constraints: Evidence from China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 368-386.
    6. Gonenc, Halit & Polten, Marc-Oliver & Westerman, Wim, 2022. "U.S., Anglo-Saxon European, and non-Anglo-Saxon European cash holdings around the financial crisis," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    7. Karolyi, G. Andrew & Wu, Ying, 2022. "Understanding the pricing of currency risk in global equity markets," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    8. Hasan, Iftekhar & Wang, Haizhi & Yin, Desheng & Zhang, Jingqi, 2021. "Global equity offerings and access to domestic loan market: U.S. evidence," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    9. Erel, Isil & Jang, Yeejin & Weisbach, Michael S., 2020. "The Corporate Finance of Multinational Firms," Working Paper Series 2020-01, Ohio State University, Charles A. Dice Center for Research in Financial Economics.
    10. Nguyen, Harvey & Pham, Anh Viet & Pham, Man Duy (Marty) & Pham, Mia Hang, 2023. "Business resilience: Lessons from government responses to the global COVID-19 crisis," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(5).
    11. Xiao Wang & Yongwen Luo & Ziyan Zhu, 2023. "Capital Account Liberalization and International Corporate Bond Issuance: Transaction‐level Evidence from China," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 31(6), pages 156-178, November.
    12. Atanas Mihov & Andy Naranjo, 2019. "Corporate internationalization, subsidiary locations, and the cost of equity capital," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 50(9), pages 1544-1565, December.
    13. Kim, Incheol & Pantzalis, Christos & Zhang, Zhengyi, 2021. "Multinationality and the value of green innovation," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    14. Ferreira, Miguel A. & Eça, Afonso & Prado, Melissa Porras & Rizzo, A. Emanuele, 2022. "The real effects of FinTech lending on SMEs: evidence from loan applications," Working Paper Series 2639, European Central Bank.
    15. Viswanathan Nagarajan & Pitabas Mohanty & Apalak Khatua, 2023. "Financing effects of corporate diversification: A review," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 17(7), pages 2555-2585, October.
    16. Yin-Siang Huang & Iftekhar Hasan & Ying-Chen Huang & Chih-Yung Lin, 2021. "Political Uncertainty and Bank Loan Contracts: Does Government Quality Matter?," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 60(2), pages 157-185, December.
    17. Puhr, Harald & Müllner, Jakob, 2022. "Foreign to all but fluent in many: The effect of multinationality on shock resilience," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 57(6).

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