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Retractions: Updating from Complex Information

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  • Duarte Gonçalves
  • Jonathan Libgober
  • Jack Willis

Abstract

We modify a canonical experimental design to identify the effectiveness of retractions. Comparing beliefs after retractions to beliefs (1) without the retracted information and (2) after equivalent new information, we find that retractions result in diminished belief updating in both cases. We propose this reflects updating from retractions being more complex, and our analysis supports this: we find longer response times, lower accuracy, and higher variability. The results—robust across diverse participant groups and design variations—enhance our understanding of belief updating and offer insights into addressing misinformation.

Suggested Citation

  • Duarte Gonçalves & Jonathan Libgober & Jack Willis, 2026. "Retractions: Updating from Complex Information," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 93(1), pages 476-516.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:restud:v:93:y:2026:i:1:p:476-516.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/restud/rdaf032
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