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CFD-driven optimization of solar still efficiency with a nanofluid-infused loofah sponge via response surface methodology

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  • R Ashok
  • T G Sakthivel

Abstract

Experimental investigations assessed the influence of ZnO, SnO₂, and aluminum nitrate nanofluids coated onto loofah sponges, focusing on thermal efficiency, evaporation rate, and water yield. Three critical parameters were studied: solar intensity (600–1000 W/m2), wind velocity (1–5 m/s), and water depth (1–5 cm). Results demonstrated that ZnO and SnO₂ nanofluids improved productivity by 24.64% and 14.87%, respectively, while the aluminum nitrate nanofluid coating led to a 36.48% increase in freshwater output compared to conventional solar still by using Solar Energy. Optimization through RSM enabled the identification of ideal operating conditions that strike a balance between performance and economic viability.

Suggested Citation

  • R Ashok & T G Sakthivel, 2025. "CFD-driven optimization of solar still efficiency with a nanofluid-infused loofah sponge via response surface methodology," International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, Oxford University Press, vol. 20, pages 1994-2006.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:ijlctc:v:20:y:2025:i::p:1994-2006.
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1093/ijlct/ctaf135
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