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Association of Depression Dimensions With Cognitive Functioning in Community-Dwelling Oldest-Old Adults: The LifeAfter90 Study

Author

Listed:
  • Laili Soleimani
  • Andrew Hirst
  • Paola Gilsanz
  • Rachel A Whitmer
  • Maria M Corrada
  • Michal S Beeri

Abstract

ObjectivesThe oldest-old adults (90+) constitute the fastest-growing demographic at the highest dementia risk among older adults. Depression, a common risk factor, inherently presents with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Here, we explored the associations of the predominant depression dimensions with cognition in the LifeAfter90 study.MethodsThe LifeAfter90 study consists of racially/ethnically diverse community-dwelling adults of >90. Cognitive assessments measured episodic memory, semantic memory, and executive function. Baseline depression was measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale—15 item (GDS-15), yielding dimensions of Dysphoria, Withdrawal–Apathy–Vigor, Anxiety, Hopelessness, and Subjective Memory Complaint (SMC). We used generalized linear mixed models to explore associations between depression dimensions, and cognitive outcomes at baseline and over time adjusting for demographic factors.ResultsThe cohort (n = 960, mean age 92.4 ± 2.3 years, 61.56% female) was very racially and ethnically diverse with 27% of participants identifying as White, 24% as Asian, 23% as Black, and 19% as Latino. Common complaints included not identifying as “full of energy” (52.45%), preference to “stay home” (46.31%), and “dropped activity” (40.0%), and 25% reported SMC. Depression dimensions showed distinct associations with cognitive outcomes: SMC correlated with worse global cognition, executive function, and verbal episodic memory (all ps

Suggested Citation

  • Laili Soleimani & Andrew Hirst & Paola Gilsanz & Rachel A Whitmer & Maria M Corrada & Michal S Beeri, 2025. "Association of Depression Dimensions With Cognitive Functioning in Community-Dwelling Oldest-Old Adults: The LifeAfter90 Study," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 80(6), pages 818-826.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:geronb:v:80:y:2025:i:6:p:818-826.
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