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Pensamiento crítico y subjetividad: desafíos epistemológicos en el siglo XXI

Author

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  • Maximiliano Mancilla

    (Universidad Santo Tomás: Chile)

Abstract

El presente estudio examina los desafíos epistemológicos que emergen de la relación entre pensamiento crítico y subjetividad en el siglo XXI. Mediante un enfoque cualitativo hermenéutico-crítico, se realizó un análisis documental sistemático de 47 artículos indexados en Scopus y diez entrevistas a académicos expertos. Los resultados evidencian una disyunción estructural entre las concepciones teóricas avanzadas que reconocen la subjetividad como situada, relacional y epistémicamente humilde y las prácticas educativas predominantes, ancladas en un modelo ilustrado de sujeto autónomo universal. Se identificó una paradoja central: un énfasis en criticidad irrestricta puede aumentar la vulnerabilidad a la desinformación. Como conclusión, se propone reconceptualizar el pensamiento crítico a partir de cuatro ejes: humildad epistémica, subjetividad relacional, pluralismo metodológico y deferencia justificada. El estudio invita a transitar desde un sujeto crítico heroico e individualista hacia una subjetividad interdependiente, consciente de sus límites y responsable ante otros.

Suggested Citation

  • Maximiliano Mancilla, 2025. "Pensamiento crítico y subjetividad: desafíos epistemológicos en el siglo XXI," Revista Orbita, Editorial Reincisol, vol. 2(2), pages 1-8, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:orb:orbita:v:2:y:2025:i:2:id:8
    DOI: 10.59282/orbita.2.2.8
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