International Migration. Case Study: Romania

In the present paper we are discussing the peculiarities and the characteristics of people's migration. We think that this is a topical issue given the increasing rate of this phenomenon both in Romania and in the other European Union countries and not only. The literature and speciality studies conducted by the competent bodies in each country and at the level of the European Union helped us identify both the reasons that led people to make this decision and their impact on the individual and on the community of the origin as well as the destination country. The topic is comparatively approached within the whole community, offering the possibility of classification according to the age and sex of the persons, the level of qualification and the reason that determined the decision to emigrate. In the context of international migration, we identify three interdependent elements: immigration, emigration and re-emigration. These three elements have been influenced by various factors throughout history. These are among the most diverse: natural (natural catastrophes, earthquakes, floods, and landslides), political (deportations) and finally the economic ones. Migration in Romania has increased with the fall of the communist regime. The number of emigrants has grown year by year, and after the accession of Romania to the European Union and the free movement of Romanian citizens on the territory of the Union, the emigration rate rose even more. Starting from the neoclassical theory, which, at the microeconomic level, highlights that: "international migration is proportional to the global demand and supply of labour force", we notice the countries that received the largest number of Romanian emigrants. Among the most sought destination countries are Spain, Italy and Hungary, closely followed by USA, Israel and Germany. In the destination countries international migration is a tool used to adjust the labour shortage in the market. Emigrants are predominantly young, trained, prepared to offer skilled work in all areas. However, individual migration cannot change the evolution of the aging rate of the population, registered in most European Union countries.