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The impact of reforms on the quality and responsiveness of universities in the United Kingdom

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  • Tony Clark

Abstract

The paper starts with a description of higher education in the United Kingdom and of reforms over the last 50 years. By reference to specified output measures, the performance of UK universities is judged to be good. The factors affecting this performance are postulated by comparing policies and approaches in the United Kingdom with those elsewhere (in particular in continental Europe). Three factors – the level of autonomy, the amount of competition, and the level of funding, combined with the universities’ direct control over funding – are identified as important factors. The level of autonomy for UK universities is long-standing. So too is the level of competition for recruiting the best students – although the reform in 1991 to bring universities and polytechnics into a single sector has increased that competition. Competition for research has increased through the reform initiated by the University Grants Committee in the mid 1980s to introduce the Research Assessment Exercise for non-specific funds. Recent reforms have provided both additional funding and, through tuition fees for UK students, greater influence for universities over the level of funding. Le système de l'enseignement supérieur au Royaume-Uni a fait l’objet de nombreuses réformes depuis cinquante ans. Evaluées à la lumière d’indicateurs spécifiques, les universités britanniques présentent de bons résultats. Les facteurs de cette performance sont postulés par comparaison des politiques et des approches adoptées au Royaume-Uni et à l’étranger (en particulier dans le reste de l'Europe). Associés au contrôle direct des universités sur le financement, le degré d'autonomie, le niveau de concurrence et le niveau de financement apparaissent ainsi comme trois facteurs de performances importants. Bien qu’elle ait été renforcée par la réforme de 1991 regroupant les universités et les instituts de technologie en un secteur unique, la concurrence pour le recrutement des meilleurs étudiants existe depuis longtemps, tout comme le degré d'autonomie important dont jouissent les universités britanniques. La concurrence a également gagné le milieu de la recherche où, suite à une réforme initiée par le University Grants Committee au milieu des années 1980, l’attribution de fonds non spécifiques est déterminée par le Research Assessment Exercise (exercice d’évaluation de la recherche). De récentes réformes ont permis d’accorder des financements supplémentaires et, par le biais des frais d’inscription imposés aux étudiants britanniques, de développer l’influence des universités par rapport au niveau de financement.

Suggested Citation

  • Tony Clark, 2009. "The impact of reforms on the quality and responsiveness of universities in the United Kingdom," Higher Education Management and Policy, OECD Publishing, vol. 21(2), pages 1-16.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:edukaa:5ksj0twgc7vc
    DOI: 10.1787/hemp-21-5ksj0twgc7vc
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