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Complete sequencing of ape genomes

Author

Listed:
  • DongAhn Yoo

    (University of Washington School of Medicine)

  • Arang Rhie

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Prajna Hebbar

    (University of California, Santa Cruz)

  • Francesca Antonacci

    (University of Bari)

  • Glennis A. Logsdon

    (University of Washington School of Medicine
    University of Pennsylvania)

  • Steven J. Solar

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Dmitry Antipov

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Brandon D. Pickett

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Yana Safonova

    (Pennsylvania State University)

  • Francesco Montinaro

    (University of Bari
    University of Tartu)

  • Yanting Luo

    (Duke University Medical Center)

  • Joanna Malukiewicz

    (University of Hamburg
    Primate Genetics Laboratory)

  • Jessica M. Storer

    (University of Connecticut)

  • Jiadong Lin

    (University of Washington School of Medicine)

  • Abigail N. Sequeira

    (Penn State University)

  • Riley J. Mangan

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
    Harvard Medical School)

  • Glenn Hickey

    (University of California, Santa Cruz)

  • Graciela Monfort Anez

    (Stowers Institute for Medical Research)

  • Parithi Balachandran

    (The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine)

  • Anton Bankevich

    (Pennsylvania State University)

  • Christine R. Beck

    (University of Connecticut
    The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine
    University of Connecticut Health Center)

  • Arjun Biddanda

    (Johns Hopkins University)

  • Matthew Borchers

    (Stowers Institute for Medical Research)

  • Gerard G. Bouffard

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Emry Brannan

    (University of Connecticut)

  • Shelise Y. Brooks

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Lucia Carbone

    (Oregon Health Sciences University
    Oregon National Primate Research Center)

  • Laura Carrel

    (Penn State University School of Medicine)

  • Agnes P. Chan

    (City of Hope National Medical Center)

  • Juyun Crawford

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Mark Diekhans

    (University of California, Santa Cruz)

  • Eric Engelbrecht

    (University of Louisville)

  • Cedric Feschotte

    (Cornell University)

  • Giulio Formenti

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Gage H. Garcia

    (University of Washington School of Medicine)

  • Luciana de Gennaro

    (University of Bari)

  • David Gilbert

    (San Diego Biomedical Research Institute)

  • Richard E. Green

    (University of California, Santa Cruz)

  • Andrea Guarracino

    (University of Tennessee Health Science Center)

  • Ishaan Gupta

    (University of California, San Diego)

  • Diana Haddad

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Junmin Han

    (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

  • Robert S. Harris

    (Penn State University)

  • Gabrielle A. Hartley

    (University of Connecticut)

  • William T. Harvey

    (University of Washington School of Medicine)

  • Michael Hiller

    (LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics
    Senckenberg Research Institute
    Goethe University Frankfurt)

  • Kendra Hoekzema

    (University of Washington School of Medicine)

  • Marlys L. Houck

    (San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance)

  • Hyeonsoo Jeong

    (University of Washington School of Medicine)

  • Kaivan Kamali

    (Penn State University)

  • Manolis Kellis

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard)

  • Bryce Kille

    (Rice University)

  • Chul Lee

    (The Rockefeller University)

  • Youngho Lee

    (Seoul National University)

  • William Lees

    (University of Louisville
    Bar-Ilan University)

  • Alexandra P. Lewis

    (University of Washington School of Medicine)

  • Qiuhui Li

    (Johns Hopkins University)

  • Mark Loftus

    (Clemson University
    Clemson University)

  • Yong Hwee Eddie Loh

    (University of California, Santa Barbara)

  • Hailey Loucks

    (University of California, Santa Cruz)

  • Jian Ma

    (Carnegie Mellon University)

  • Yafei Mao

    (Shanghai Jiao Tong University
    Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University
    Shanghai Jiao Tong University Chongqing Research Institute)

  • Juan F. I. Martinez

    (Pennsylvania State University)

  • Patrick Masterson

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Rajiv C. McCoy

    (Johns Hopkins University)

  • Barbara McGrath

    (Penn State University)

  • Sean McKinney

    (Stowers Institute for Medical Research)

  • Britta S. Meyer

    (University of Hamburg)

  • Karen H. Miga

    (University of California, Santa Cruz)

  • Saswat K. Mohanty

    (Penn State University)

  • Katherine M. Munson

    (University of Washington School of Medicine)

  • Karol Pal

    (Penn State University)

  • Matt Pennell

    (Cornell University)

  • Pavel A. Pevzner

    (University of California, San Diego)

  • David Porubsky

    (University of Washington School of Medicine)

  • Tamara Potapova

    (Stowers Institute for Medical Research)

  • Francisca R. Ringeling

    (University of Regensburg)

  • Joana L. Rocha

    (University of California, Berkeley)

  • Oliver A. Ryder

    (San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance)

  • Samuel Sacco

    (University of California, Santa Cruz)

  • Swati Saha

    (University of Louisville)

  • Takayo Sasaki

    (San Diego Biomedical Research Institute)

  • Michael C. Schatz

    (Johns Hopkins University)

  • Nicholas J. Schork

    (City of Hope National Medical Center)

  • Cole Shanks

    (University of California, Santa Cruz)

  • Linnéa Smeds

    (Penn State University)

  • Dongmin R. Son

    (University of California, Santa Barbara)

  • Cynthia Steiner

    (San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance)

  • Alexander P. Sweeten

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Michael G. Tassia

    (Johns Hopkins University)

  • Françoise Thibaud-Nissen

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Edmundo Torres-González

    (Penn State University)

  • Mihir Trivedi

    (University of Washington School of Medicine)

  • Wenjie Wei

    (Westlake University
    Huazhong Agricultural University)

  • Julie Wertz

    (University of Washington School of Medicine)

  • Muyu Yang

    (Carnegie Mellon University)

  • Panpan Zhang

    (Cornell University)

  • Shilong Zhang

    (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

  • Yang Zhang

    (Carnegie Mellon University)

  • Zhenmiao Zhang

    (University of California, San Diego)

  • Sarah A. Zhao

    (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

  • Yixin Zhu

    (Cornell University)

  • Erich D. Jarvis

    (The Rockefeller University
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

  • Jennifer L. Gerton

    (Stowers Institute for Medical Research)

  • Iker Rivas-González

    (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology)

  • Benedict Paten

    (University of California, Santa Cruz)

  • Zachary A. Szpiech

    (Penn State University)

  • Christian D. Huber

    (Penn State University)

  • Tobias L. Lenz

    (University of Hamburg)

  • Miriam K. Konkel

    (Clemson University
    Clemson University)

  • Soojin V. Yi

    (University of California, Santa Barbara
    University of California, Santa Barbara)

  • Stefan Canzar

    (University of Regensburg)

  • Corey T. Watson

    (University of Louisville)

  • Peter H. Sudmant

    (University of California, Berkeley
    University of California, Berkeley)

  • Erin Molloy

    (University of Maryland)

  • Erik Garrison

    (University of Tennessee Health Science Center)

  • Craig B. Lowe

    (Duke University Medical Center)

  • Mario Ventura

    (University of Bari)

  • Rachel J. O’Neill

    (University of Connecticut
    University of Connecticut Health Center
    University of Connecticut)

  • Sergey Koren

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Kateryna D. Makova

    (Penn State University)

  • Adam M. Phillippy

    (National Institutes of Health)

  • Evan E. Eichler

    (University of Washington School of Medicine
    Howard Hughes Medical Institute)

Abstract

The most dynamic and repetitive regions of great ape genomes have traditionally been excluded from comparative studies1–3. Consequently, our understanding of the evolution of our species is incomplete. Here we present haplotype-resolved reference genomes and comparative analyses of six ape species: chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, Bornean orangutan, Sumatran orangutan and siamang. We achieve chromosome-level contiguity with substantial sequence accuracy (

Suggested Citation

  • DongAhn Yoo & Arang Rhie & Prajna Hebbar & Francesca Antonacci & Glennis A. Logsdon & Steven J. Solar & Dmitry Antipov & Brandon D. Pickett & Yana Safonova & Francesco Montinaro & Yanting Luo & Joanna, 2025. "Complete sequencing of ape genomes," Nature, Nature, vol. 641(8062), pages 401-418, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:641:y:2025:i:8062:d:10.1038_s41586-025-08816-3
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08816-3
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