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Millimetre-scale bioresorbable optoelectronic systems for electrotherapy

Author

Listed:
  • Yamin Zhang

    (Northwestern University
    Northwestern University
    National University of Singapore)

  • Eric Rytkin

    (Northwestern University)

  • Liangsong Zeng

    (Northwestern University
    Northwestern University)

  • Jong Uk Kim

    (Northwestern University
    Northwestern University)

  • Lichao Tang

    (National University of Singapore)

  • Haohui Zhang

    (Northwestern University)

  • Aleksei Mikhailov

    (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine)

  • Kaiyu Zhao

    (Northwestern University
    Northwestern University)

  • Yue Wang

    (Northwestern University
    Northwestern University)

  • Li Ding

    (Northwestern University
    Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

  • Xinyue Lu

    (Northwestern University)

  • Anastasia Lantsova

    (Northwestern University)

  • Elena Aprea

    (Northwestern University
    Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna)

  • Gengming Jiang

    (Northwestern University)

  • Shupeng Li

    (Northwestern University)

  • Seung Gi Seo

    (Northwestern University
    Northwestern University)

  • Tong Wang

    (Northwestern University)

  • Jin Wang

    (Northwestern University)

  • Jiayang Liu

    (Northwestern University)

  • Jianyu Gu

    (Northwestern University
    Northwestern University)

  • Fei Liu

    (Northwestern University
    Northwestern University)

  • Keith Bailey

    (Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc)

  • Yat Fung Larry Li

    (Northwestern University)

  • Amy Burrell

    (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine)

  • Anna Pfenniger

    (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine)

  • Andrey Ardashev

    (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine)

  • Tianyu Yang

    (Northwestern University
    Northwestern University)

  • Naijia Liu

    (Northwestern University
    Northwestern University)

  • Zengyao Lv

    (Northwestern University)

  • Nathan S. Purwanto

    (Northwestern University)

  • Yue Ying

    (Northwestern University)

  • Yinsheng Lu

    (Northwestern University
    Northwestern University)

  • Claire Hoepfner

    (Northwestern University)

  • Altynai Melisova

    (Northwestern University)

  • Jiarui Gong

    (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

  • Jinheon Jeong

    (Incheon National University)

  • Junhwan Choi

    (Dankook University)

  • Alex Hou

    (Northwestern University
    Northwestern University)

  • Rachel Nolander

    (Northwestern University
    Northwestern University)

  • Wubin Bai

    (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

  • Sung Hun Jin

    (Incheon National University)

  • Zhenqiang Ma

    (University of Wisconsin-Madison)

  • John M. Torkelson

    (Northwestern University
    Northwestern University)

  • Yonggang Huang

    (Northwestern University)

  • Wei Ouyang

    (Northwestern University
    Northwestern University
    Dartmouth College)

  • Rishi K. Arora

    (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
    University of Chicago)

  • Igor R. Efimov

    (Northwestern University
    Northwestern University
    Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine)

  • John A. Rogers

    (Northwestern University
    Northwestern University
    Northwestern University
    Northwestern University)

Abstract

Temporary pacemakers are essential for the care of patients with short-lived bradycardia in post-operative and other settings1–4. Conventional devices require invasive open-heart surgery or less invasive endovascular surgery, both of which are challenging for paediatric and adult patients5–8. Other complications9–11 include risks of infections, lacerations and perforations of the myocardium, and of displacements of external power supplies and control systems. Here we introduce a millimetre-scale bioresorbable optoelectronic system with an onboard power supply and a wireless, optical control mechanism with generalized capabilities in electrotherapy and specific application opportunities in temporary cardiac pacing. The extremely small sizes of these devices enable minimally invasive implantation, including percutaneous injection and endovascular delivery. Experimental studies demonstrate effective pacing in mouse, rat, porcine, canine and human cardiac models at both single-site and multi-site locations. Pairing with a skin-interfaced wireless device allows autonomous, closed-loop operation upon detection of arrhythmias. Further work illustrates opportunities in combining these miniaturized devices with other medical implants, with an example of arrays of pacemakers for individual or collective use on the frames of transcatheter aortic valve replacement systems, to provide unique solutions that address risks for atrioventricular block following surgeries. This base technology can be readily adapted for a broad range of additional applications in electrotherapy, such as nerve and bone regeneration, wound therapy and pain management.

Suggested Citation

  • Yamin Zhang & Eric Rytkin & Liangsong Zeng & Jong Uk Kim & Lichao Tang & Haohui Zhang & Aleksei Mikhailov & Kaiyu Zhao & Yue Wang & Li Ding & Xinyue Lu & Anastasia Lantsova & Elena Aprea & Gengming Ji, 2025. "Millimetre-scale bioresorbable optoelectronic systems for electrotherapy," Nature, Nature, vol. 640(8057), pages 77-86, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:640:y:2025:i:8057:d:10.1038_s41586-025-08726-4
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08726-4
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