Evidence for chiral supercurrent in quantum Hall Josephson junctions

Hybridizing superconductivity with the quantum Hall (QH) effect has notable potential for designing circuits capable of inducing and manipulating non-Abelian states for topological quantum computation1–3. However, despite recent experimental progress towards this hybridization4–15, concrete evidence for a chiral QH Josephson junction16—the elemental building block for coherent superconducting QH circuits—is still lacking. Its expected signature is an unusual chiral supercurrent flowing in QH edge channels, which oscillates with a specific 2ϕ0 magnetic flux periodicity16–19 (ϕ0 = h/2e is the superconducting flux quantum, where h is the Planck constant and e is the electron charge). Here we show that ultra-narrow Josephson junctions defined in encapsulated graphene nanoribbons exhibit a chiral supercurrent, visible up to 8 T and carried by the spin-degenerate edge channel of the QH plateau of resistance h/2e2 ≈ 12.9 kΩ. We observe reproducible 2ϕ0-periodic oscillations of the supercurrent, which emerge at a constant filling factor when the area of the loop formed by the QH edge channel is constant, within a magnetic-length correction that we resolve in the data. Furthermore, by varying the junction geometry, we show that reducing the superconductor/normal interface length is crucial in obtaining a measurable supercurrent on QH plateaus, in agreement with theories predicting dephasing along the superconducting interface19–22. Our findings are important for the exploration of correlated and fractional QH-based superconducting devices that host non-Abelian Majorana and parafermion zero modes23–32.