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A large light-mass component of cosmic rays at 1017–1017.5 electronvolts from radio observations

Author

Listed:
  • S. Buitink

    (Astrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel
    Radboud University Nijmegen)

  • A. Corstanje

    (Radboud University Nijmegen)

  • H. Falcke

    (Radboud University Nijmegen
    ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
    Nikhef, Science Park Amsterdam
    Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie)

  • J. R. Hörandel

    (Radboud University Nijmegen
    Nikhef, Science Park Amsterdam)

  • T. Huege

    (Institute for Nuclear Physics (IKP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT))

  • A. Nelles

    (Radboud University Nijmegen
    University of California Irvine)

  • J. P. Rachen

    (Radboud University Nijmegen)

  • L. Rossetto

    (Radboud University Nijmegen)

  • P. Schellart

    (Radboud University Nijmegen)

  • O. Scholten

    (KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen
    Vrije Universiteit Brussel)

  • S. ter Veen

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • S. Thoudam

    (Radboud University Nijmegen)

  • T. N. G. Trinh

    (KVI Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen)

  • J. Anderson

    (Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Geodesy and Remote Sensing)

  • A. Asgekar

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
    Shell Technology Center)

  • I. M. Avruch

    (SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research
    Kapteyn Astronomical Institute)

  • M. E. Bell

    (CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility)

  • M. J. Bentum

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
    University of Twente)

  • G. Bernardi

    (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
    Square Kilometre Array (SKA) South Africa)

  • P. Best

    (Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory of Edinburgh)

  • A. Bonafede

    (University of Hamburg)

  • F. Breitling

    (Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP))

  • J. W. Broderick

    (School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton)

  • W. N. Brouw

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
    Kapteyn Astronomical Institute)

  • M. Brüggen

    (University of Hamburg)

  • H. R. Butcher

    (Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University)

  • D. Carbone

    (Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam)

  • B. Ciardi

    (Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics)

  • J. E. Conway

    (Onsala Space Observatory, Chalmers University of Technology)

  • F. de Gasperin

    (University of Hamburg)

  • E. de Geus

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
    SmarterVision BV)

  • A. Deller

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • R.-J. Dettmar

    (Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum)

  • G. van Diepen

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • S. Duscha

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • J. Eislöffel

    (Thüringer Landessternwarte)

  • D. Engels

    (Hamburger Sternwarte)

  • J. E. Enriquez

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • R. A. Fallows

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • R. Fender

    (University of Oxford)

  • C. Ferrari

    (Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Boulevard de l’Observatoire)

  • W. Frieswijk

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • M. A. Garrett

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University)

  • J. M. Grießmeier

    (LPC2E - Universite d’Orleans/CNRS
    Station de Radioastronomie de Nancay, Observatoire de Paris - CNRS/INSU, USR 704 - Université Orleans)

  • A. W. Gunst

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • M. P. van Haarlem

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • T. E. Hassall

    (School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton)

  • G. Heald

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
    Kapteyn Astronomical Institute)

  • J. W. T. Hessels

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
    Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam)

  • M. Hoeft

    (Thüringer Landessternwarte)

  • A. Horneffer

    (Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie)

  • M. Iacobelli

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • H. Intema

    (Leiden Observatory, Leiden University
    National Radio Astronomy Observatory)

  • E. Juette

    (Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum)

  • A. Karastergiou

    (University of Oxford)

  • V. I. Kondratiev

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
    Astro Space Center of the Lebedev Physical Institute)

  • M. Kramer

    (Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie
    Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester)

  • M. Kuniyoshi

    (National Astronomical Observatory of Japan)

  • G. Kuper

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • J. van Leeuwen

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
    Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam)

  • G. M. Loose

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • P. Maat

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • G. Mann

    (Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP))

  • S. Markoff

    (Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam)

  • R. McFadden

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • D. McKay-Bukowski

    (Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu
    STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus)

  • J. P. McKean

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
    Kapteyn Astronomical Institute)

  • M. Mevius

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
    Kapteyn Astronomical Institute)

  • D. D. Mulcahy

    (School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton)

  • H. Munk

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • M. J. Norden

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • E. Orru

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • H. Paas

    (Center for Information Technology (CIT), University of Groningen)

  • M. Pandey-Pommier

    (Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, Observatoire de Lyon)

  • V. N. Pandey

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • M. Pietka

    (University of Oxford)

  • R. Pizzo

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • A. G. Polatidis

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • W. Reich

    (Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie)

  • H. J. A. Röttgering

    (Leiden Observatory, Leiden University)

  • A. M. M. Scaife

    (School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton)

  • D. J. Schwarz

    (Fakultät für Physik, Universität Bielefeld)

  • M. Serylak

    (University of Oxford)

  • J. Sluman

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • O. Smirnov

    (Square Kilometre Array (SKA) South Africa
    Rhodes University)

  • B. W. Stappers

    (Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester)

  • M. Steinmetz

    (Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP))

  • A. Stewart

    (University of Oxford)

  • J. Swinbank

    (Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam
    Princeton University)

  • M. Tagger

    (LPC2E - Universite d’Orleans/CNRS)

  • Y. Tang

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • C. Tasse

    (Rhodes University
    GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot)

  • M. C. Toribio

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
    Leiden Observatory, Leiden University)

  • R. Vermeulen

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • C. Vocks

    (Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP))

  • C. Vogt

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • R. J. van Weeren

    (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics)

  • R. A. M. J. Wijers

    (Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam)

  • S. J. Wijnholds

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • M. W. Wise

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy
    Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam)

  • O. Wucknitz

    (Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie)

  • S. Yatawatta

    (ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy)

  • P. Zarka

    (LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Université Paris Diderot)

  • J. A. Zensus

    (Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie)

Abstract

High-resolution radio measurements of air showers—cascades of secondary particles in the atmosphere initiated by cosmic rays—reveal that cosmic rays with energies of 1017–1017.5 electronvolts have a mixed composition, with light elements (protons and helium nuclei) making up 80 per cent of their mass.

Suggested Citation

  • S. Buitink & A. Corstanje & H. Falcke & J. R. Hörandel & T. Huege & A. Nelles & J. P. Rachen & L. Rossetto & P. Schellart & O. Scholten & S. ter Veen & S. Thoudam & T. N. G. Trinh & J. Anderson & A. A, 2016. "A large light-mass component of cosmic rays at 1017–1017.5 electronvolts from radio observations," Nature, Nature, vol. 531(7592), pages 70-73, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:531:y:2016:i:7592:d:10.1038_nature16976
    DOI: 10.1038/nature16976
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