Author
Listed:
- Michael J. Wade
(Indiana University)
- David S. Wilson
(State University of New York at Binghamton)
- Charles Goodnight
(University of Vermont)
- Doug Taylor
(University of Virginia)
- Yaneer Bar-Yam
(New England Complex Systems Institute, 24 Mount Auburn Street)
- Marcus A. M. de Aguiar
(New England Complex Systems Institute, 24 Mount Auburn Street)
- Blake Stacey
(New England Complex Systems Institute, 24 Mount Auburn Street)
- Justin Werfel
(New England Complex Systems Institute, 24 Mount Auburn Street)
- Guy A. Hoelzer
(University of Nevada Reno)
- Edmund D. Brodie III
(University of Virginia)
- Peter Fields
(University of Virginia)
- Felix Breden
(Simon Fraser University)
- Timothy A. Linksvayer
(University of Copenhagen, Centre for Social Evolution, Universitetparken 15)
- Jeffrey A. Fletcher
(Portland State University, Systems Science Graduate Program)
- Peter J. Richerson
(University of California Davis)
- James D. Bever
(Indiana University)
- J. David Van Dyken
(Indiana University)
- Peter Zee
(Indiana University)
Abstract
Arising from: G. Wild, A. Gardner & S. A. West Nature 459, 983–986 (2009)10.1038/nature08071 ; Wild, Gardner & West reply Wild et al.1 argue that the evolution of reduced virulence can be understood from the perspective of inclusive fitness, obviating the need to evoke group selection as a contributing causal factor. Although they acknowledge the mathematical equivalence of the inclusive fitness and multilevel selection approaches, they conclude that reduced virulence can be viewed entirely as an individual-level adaptation by the parasite1. Here we show that their model is a well-known special case of the more general theory of multilevel selection, and that the cause of reduced virulence resides in the opposition of two processes: within-group and among-group selection. This distinction is important in light of the current controversy among evolutionary biologists in which some continue to affirm that natural selection centres only and always at the level of the individual organism or gene, despite mathematical demonstrations that evolutionary dynamics must be described by selection at various levels in the hierarchy of biological organization.
Suggested Citation
Michael J. Wade & David S. Wilson & Charles Goodnight & Doug Taylor & Yaneer Bar-Yam & Marcus A. M. de Aguiar & Blake Stacey & Justin Werfel & Guy A. Hoelzer & Edmund D. Brodie III & Peter Fields & Fe, 2010.
"Multilevel and kin selection in a connected world,"
Nature, Nature, vol. 463(7283), pages 8-9, February.
Handle:
RePEc:nat:nature:v:463:y:2010:i:7283:d:10.1038_nature08809
DOI: 10.1038/nature08809
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