IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/nat/nature/v402y1999i6761d10.1038_990031.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22

Author

Listed:
  • I. Dunham

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • A. R. Hunt

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • J. E. Collins

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • R. Bruskiewich

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • D. M. Beare

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • M. Clamp

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • L. J. Smink

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • R. Ainscough

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • J. P. Almeida

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • A. Babbage

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • C. Bagguley

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • J. Bailey

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • K. Barlow

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • K. N. Bates

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • O. Beasley

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • C. P. Bird

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • S. Blakey

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • A. M. Bridgeman

    (Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Hospital, CMM bldg. L8:00)

  • D. Buck

    (Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Hospital, CMM bldg. L8:00)

  • J. Burgess

    (Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Hospital, CMM bldg. L8:00)

  • W. D. Burrill

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • J. Burton

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • C. Carder

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • N. P. Carter

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • Y. Chen

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • G. Clark

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • S. M. Clegg

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • V. Cobley

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • C. G. Cole

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • R. E. Collier

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • R. E. Connor

    (Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Hospital, CMM bldg. L8:00)

  • D. Conroy

    (Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Hospital, CMM bldg. L8:00)

  • N. Corby

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • G. J. Coville

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • A. V. Cox

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • J. Davis

    (Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Hospital, CMM bldg. L8:00)

  • E. Dawson

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • P. D. Dhami

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • C. Dockree

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • S. J. Dodsworth

    (Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Hospital, CMM bldg. L8:00)

  • R. M. Durbin

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • A. Ellington

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • K. L. Evans

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • J. M. Fey

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • K. Fleming

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • L. French

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • A. A. Garner

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • J. G. R. Gilbert

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • M. E. Goward
  • D. Grafham

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • M. N. Griffiths

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • C. Hall

    (Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Hospital, CMM bldg. L8:00)

  • R. Hall

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • G. Hall-Tamlyn

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • R. W. Heathcott

    (Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Hospital, CMM bldg. L8:00)

  • S. Ho

    (Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Hospital, CMM bldg. L8:00)

  • S. Holmes

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • S. E. Hunt

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • M. C. Jones

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • J. Kershaw

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • A. Kimberley

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • A. King

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • G. K. Laird

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • C. F. Langford

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • M. A. Leversha

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • C. Lloyd

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • D. M. Lloyd

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • I. D. Martyn

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • M. Mashreghi-Mohammadi

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • L. Matthews

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • O. T. McCann

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • J. McClay

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • S. McLaren

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • A. A. McMurray

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • S. A. Milne

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • B. J. Mortimore

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • C. N. Odell

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • R. Pavitt

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • A. V. Pearce

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • D. Pearson

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • B. J. Phillimore

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • S. H. Phillips

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • R. W. Plumb

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • H. Ramsay

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • Y. Ramsey

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • L. Rogers

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • M. T. Ross

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • C. E. Scott

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • H. K. Sehra

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • C. D. Skuce

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • S. Smalley

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • M. L. Smith

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • C. Soderlund

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • L. Spragon

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • C. A. Steward

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • J. E. Sulston

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • R. M. Swann

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • M. Vaudin

    (Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Hospital, CMM bldg. L8:00)

  • M. Wall

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • J. M. Wallis

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • M. N. Whiteley

    (Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Hospital, CMM bldg. L8:00)

  • D. Willey

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • L. Williams

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • S. Williams

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • H. Williamson

    (Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Hospital, CMM bldg. L8:00)

  • T. E. Wilmer

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • L. Wilming

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • C. L. Wright

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • T. Hubbard

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • D. R. Bentley

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • S. Beck

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • J. Rogers

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • N. Shimizu

    (Keio University School of Medicine)

  • S. Minoshima

    (Keio University School of Medicine)

  • K. Kawasaki

    (Keio University School of Medicine)

  • T. Sasaki

    (Keio University School of Medicine)

  • S. Asakawa

    (Keio University School of Medicine)

  • J. Kudoh

    (Keio University School of Medicine)

  • A. Shintani

    (Keio University School of Medicine)

  • K. Shibuya

    (Keio University School of Medicine)

  • Y. Yoshizaki

    (Keio University School of Medicine)

  • N. Aoki

    (Keio University School of Medicine)

  • S. Mitsuyama

    (Keio University School of Medicine)

  • B. A. Roe

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • F. Chen

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • L. Chu

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • J. Crabtree

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • S. Deschamps

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • A. Do

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • T. Do

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • A. Dorman

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • F. Fang

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • Y. Fu

    (The Sanger Centre, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton)

  • P. Hu

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • A. Hua

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • S. Kenton

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • H. Lai

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • H. I. Lao

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • J. Lewis

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • S. Lewis

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • S.-P. Lin

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • P. Loh

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • E. Malaj

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • T. Nguyen

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • H. Pan

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • S. Phan

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • S. Qi

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • Y. Qian

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • L. Ray

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • Q. Ren

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • S. Shaull

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • D. Sloan

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • L. Song

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • Q. Wang

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • Y. Wang

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • Z. Wang

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • J. White

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • D. Willingham

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • H. Wu

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • Z. Yao

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • M. Zhan

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • G. Zhang

    (The University of Oklahoma)

  • S. Chissoe

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • J. Murray

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • N. Miller

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • P. Minx

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • R. Fulton

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • D. Johnson

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • G. Bemis

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • D. Bentley

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • H. Bradshaw

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • S. Bourne

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • M. Cordes

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • Z. Du

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • L. Fulton

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • D. Goela

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • T. Graves

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • J. Hawkins

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • K. Hinds

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • K. Kemp

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • P. Latreille

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • D. Layman

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • P. Ozersky

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • T. Rohlfing

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • P. Scheet

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • C. Walker

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • A. Wamsley

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • P. Wohldmann

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • K. Pepin

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • J. Nelson

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • I. Korf

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • J. A. Bedell

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • L. Hillier

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • E. Mardis

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • R. Waterston

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • R. Wilson

    (Genome Sequencing Center, Washington University School of Medicine)

  • B. S. Emanuel

    (University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine)

  • T. Shaikh

    (University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine)

  • H. Kurahashi

    (University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine)

  • S. Saitta

    (University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine)

  • M. L. Budarf

    (University of Alberta)

  • H. E. McDermid

    (University of Alberta)

  • A. Johnson

    (University of Alberta)

  • A. C. C. Wong

    (University of Alberta)

  • B. E. Morrow

    (Albert Einstein College of Medicine)

  • L. Edelmann

    (Albert Einstein College of Medicine)

  • U. J. Kim

    (California Institute of Technology)

  • H. Shizuya

    (California Institute of Technology)

  • M. I. Simon

    (California Institute of Technology)

  • J. P. Dumanski

    (Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Hospital, CMM bldg. L8:00)

  • M. Peyrard

    (Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Hospital, CMM bldg. L8:00)

  • D. Kedra

    (Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Hospital, CMM bldg. L8:00)

  • E. Seroussi

    (Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Hospital, CMM bldg. L8:00)

  • I. Fransson

    (Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Hospital, CMM bldg. L8:00)

  • I. Tapia

    (Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Hospital, CMM bldg. L8:00)

  • C. E. Bruder

    (Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Hospital, CMM bldg. L8:00)

  • K. P. O'Brien

    (Clinical Genetics Unit, Karolinska Hospital, CMM bldg. L8:00)

Abstract

Knowledge of the complete genomic DNA sequence of an organism allows a systematic approach to defining its genetic components. The genomic sequence provides access to the complete structures of all genes, including those without known function, their control elements, and, by inference, the proteins they encode, as well as all other biologically important sequences. Furthermore, the sequence is a rich and permanent source of information for the design of further biological studies of the organism and for the study of evolution through cross-species sequence comparison. The power of this approach has been amply demonstrated by the determination of the sequences of a number of microbial and model organisms. The next step is to obtain the complete sequence of the entire human genome. Here we report the sequence of the euchromatic part of human chromosome 22. The sequence obtained consists of 12 contiguous segments spanning 33.4 megabases, contains at least 545 genes and 134 pseudogenes, and provides the first view of the complex chromosomal landscapes that will be found in the rest of the genome.

Suggested Citation

  • I. Dunham & A. R. Hunt & J. E. Collins & R. Bruskiewich & D. M. Beare & M. Clamp & L. J. Smink & R. Ainscough & J. P. Almeida & A. Babbage & C. Bagguley & J. Bailey & K. Barlow & K. N. Bates & O. Beas, 1999. "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22," Nature, Nature, vol. 402(6761), pages 489-495, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:402:y:1999:i:6761:d:10.1038_990031
    DOI: 10.1038/990031
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/990031
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1038/990031?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:nat:nature:v:402:y:1999:i:6761:d:10.1038_990031. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.nature.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.