Extension of chromatin accessibility by nuclear matrix attachment regions

Transcription of the variable region of the rearranged immunoglobulin μ gene is dependent on an enhancer sequence situated within one of the introns of the gene. Experiments with transgenic mice have shown that activation of the promoter controlling this transcription also requires the matrix-attachment regions (MARs) that flank the intronic enhancer1. As this μ gene enhancer can establish local areas of accessible chromatin2, we investigated whether the MARs can extend accessibility to more distal positions. We eliminated interactions between enhancer- and promoter-bound factors by linking μ enhancer/MAR fragments to the binding sites for bacteriophage RNA polymerases that were either close to or one kilobase distal to the enhancer. The μ enhancer alone mediated chromatin accessibility at the proximal site but required a flanking MAR to confer accessibility upon the distal promoter. This long-range accessibilty correlates with extended demethylation of the geμ enhancer to generate an extended domain of accessible chromatin.