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Stabilization of 3D/2D perovskite heterostructures via inhibition of ion diffusion by cross-linked polymers for solar cells with improved performance

Author

Listed:
  • Long Luo

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

  • Haipeng Zeng

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

  • Zaiwei Wang

    (University of Toronto)

  • Min Li

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

  • Shuai You

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

  • Bin Chen

    (University of Toronto)

  • Aidan Maxwell

    (University of Toronto)

  • Qinyou An

    (Wuhan University of Technology)

  • Lianmeng Cui

    (Wuhan University of Technology)

  • Deying Luo

    (University of Toronto)

  • Juntao Hu

    (Yunnan University)

  • Shangzhi Li

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

  • Xueqing Cai

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

  • Weixi Li

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

  • Lin Li

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

  • Rui Guo

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

  • Rong Huang

    (the Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Wenxi Liang

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

  • Zheng-Hong Lu

    (University of Toronto
    Yunnan University)

  • Liqiang Mai

    (Wuhan University of Technology
    Wuhan University of Technology (Xiangyang Demonstration Zone))

  • Yaoguang Rong

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology
    Wuhan University of Technology)

  • Edward H. Sargent

    (University of Toronto)

  • Xiong Li

    (Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) and quasi-2D modifications of three-dimensional (3D) perovskite active layers have contributed to advances in the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the ionic diffusion between the surface 2D and bulk 3D perovskites leads to the degradation of the 3D/2D perovskite heterostructures and limits the long-term stability of PSCs. Here we incorporate a cross-linked polymer (CLP) on the top of a 3D perovskite layer and then deposit a 2D perovskite layer via a vapour-assisted two-step process to form a 3D/CLP/2D perovskite heterostructure. Photoluminescence spectra and thickness-profiled elemental analysis indicate that the CLP stabilizes the heterostructure by inhibiting the diffusion of cations (formamidinium, FA+ and 4-fluorophenylethylammonium, 4F-PEA+) between the 2D and 3D perovskites. For devices based on carbon electrodes, we report small-area devices with an efficiency of 21.2% and mini-modules with an efficiency of 19.6%. Devices retain 90% of initial performance after 4,390 hours operation under maximum power point tracking and one-sun illumination at elevated temperatures.

Suggested Citation

  • Long Luo & Haipeng Zeng & Zaiwei Wang & Min Li & Shuai You & Bin Chen & Aidan Maxwell & Qinyou An & Lianmeng Cui & Deying Luo & Juntao Hu & Shangzhi Li & Xueqing Cai & Weixi Li & Lin Li & Rui Guo & Ro, 2023. "Stabilization of 3D/2D perovskite heterostructures via inhibition of ion diffusion by cross-linked polymers for solar cells with improved performance," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 8(3), pages 294-303, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natene:v:8:y:2023:i:3:d:10.1038_s41560-023-01205-y
    DOI: 10.1038/s41560-023-01205-y
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Yuheng Li & Lin Li & Haipeng Zeng & Chunxiang Lan & Shaomin Yang & Ziwei Zheng & Miaomiao Zeng & Yingying Shi & Kai Gao & Lianmeng Cui & Rui Guo & Jing Guo & Bin Hu & Yaoguang Rong & Haibing Xie & Xio, 2025. "Cross-linked multifunctional bilayer polymer buffer for enhanced efficiency and stability in perovskite solar cells," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Yingping Fan & Zhixiao Qin & Lei Lu & Ni Zhang & Yugang Liang & Shaowei Wang & Wenji Zhan & Jiahao Guo & Haifei Wang & Yuetian Chen & Yanfeng Miao & Yixin Zhao, 2025. "An efficient and precise solution-vacuum hybrid batch fabrication of 2D/3D perovskite submodules," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Qiong Liang & Kuan Liu & Yu Han & Hao Xia & Zhiwei Ren & Dongyang Li & Tao Zhu & Lei Cheng & Zhenrong Wang & Cheng Zhu & Patrick W. K. Fong & Jiaming Huang & Qi Chen & Yang Yang & Gang Li, 2025. "Highly stable perovskite solar cells with 0.30 voltage deficit enabled by a multi-functional asynchronous cross-linking," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 16(1), pages 1-10, December.

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