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Post-lithium-ion battery cell production and its compatibility with lithium-ion cell production infrastructure

Author

Listed:
  • Fabian Duffner

    (Institute of Business Administration at the Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Münster
    Porsche Consulting GmbH)

  • Niklas Kronemeyer

    (Porsche Consulting GmbH)

  • Jens Tübke

    (Forschungsfertigung Batteriezelle FFB, Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology)

  • Jens Leker

    (Institute of Business Administration at the Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Münster
    Helmholtz Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH)

  • Martin Winter

    (Helmholtz Institute Münster, IEK-12, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
    MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster)

  • Richard Schmuch

    (MEET Battery Research Center, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster)

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries are currently the most advanced electrochemical energy storage technology due to a favourable balance of performance and cost properties. Driven by forecasted growth of the electric vehicles market, the cell production capacity for this technology is continuously being scaled up. However, the demand for better performance, particularly higher energy densities and/or lower costs, has triggered research into post-lithium-ion technologies such as solid-state lithium metal, lithium–sulfur and lithium–air batteries as well as post-lithium technologies such as sodium-ion batteries. Currently, these technologies are being intensively studied with regard to material chemistry and cell design. In this Review, we expand on the current knowledge in this field. Starting with a market outlook and an analysis of technological differences, we discuss the manufacturing processes of these technologies. For each technology, we describe anode production, cathode production, cell assembly and conditioning. We then evaluate the manufacturing compatibility of each technology with the lithium-ion production infrastructure and discuss the implications for processing costs.

Suggested Citation

  • Fabian Duffner & Niklas Kronemeyer & Jens Tübke & Jens Leker & Martin Winter & Richard Schmuch, 2021. "Post-lithium-ion battery cell production and its compatibility with lithium-ion cell production infrastructure," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 6(2), pages 123-134, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natene:v:6:y:2021:i:2:d:10.1038_s41560-020-00748-8
    DOI: 10.1038/s41560-020-00748-8
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    Cited by:

    1. Shi, Haotian & Wang, Shunli & Fernandez, Carlos & Yu, Chunmei & Xu, Wenhua & Dablu, Bobobee Etse & Wang, Liping, 2022. "Improved multi-time scale lumped thermoelectric coupling modeling and parameter dispersion evaluation of lithium-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    2. James T. Frith & Matthew J. Lacey & Ulderico Ulissi, 2023. "A non-academic perspective on the future of lithium-based batteries," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-17, December.
    3. Ma, Chen & Chang, Long & Cui, Naxin & Duan, Bin & Zhang, Yulong & Yu, Zhihao, 2022. "Statistical relationships between numerous retired lithium-ion cells and packs with random sampling for echelon utilization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    4. Justus Poschmann & Vanessa Bach & Matthias Finkbeiner, 2023. "Decarbonization Potentials for Automotive Supply Chains: Emission-Intensity Pathways of Carbon-Intensive Hotspots of Battery Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-20, July.
    5. Yi-Fan Tian & Shuang-Jie Tan & Chunpeng Yang & Yu-Ming Zhao & Di-Xin Xu & Zhuo-Ya Lu & Ge Li & Jin-Yi Li & Xu-Sheng Zhang & Chao-Hui Zhang & Jilin Tang & Yao Zhao & Fuyi Wang & Rui Wen & Quan Xu & Yu-, 2023. "Tailoring chemical composition of solid electrolyte interphase by selective dissolution for long-life micron-sized silicon anode," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
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    7. Talwar, Chetan & Joormann, Imke & Ginster, Raphael & Spengler, Thomas Stefan, 2023. "How much can electric aircraft contribute to reaching the Flightpath 2050 CO2 emissions goal? A system dynamics approach for european short haul flights," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    8. Wesselkämper, Jannis & Dahrendorf, Laureen & Mauler, Lukas & Lux, Simon & von Delft, Stephan, 2024. "Towards circular battery supply chains: Strategies to reduce material demand and the impact on mining and recycling," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    9. Gutsch, Moritz & Leker, Jens, 2024. "Costs, carbon footprint, and environmental impacts of lithium-ion batteries – From cathode active material synthesis to cell manufacturing and recycling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PB).
    10. Chen Xu & Chengjun Lei & Jinye Li & Xin He & Pengjie Jiang & Huijian Wang & Tingting Liu & Xiao Liang, 2023. "Unravelling rechargeable zinc-copper batteries by a chloride shuttle in a biphasic electrolyte," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-11, December.
    11. Burak Aktekin & Luise M. Riegger & Svenja-K. Otto & Till Fuchs & Anja Henss & Jürgen Janek, 2023. "SEI growth on Lithium metal anodes in solid-state batteries quantified with coulometric titration time analysis," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    12. Lin, Xiang-Wei & Li, Yu-Bai & Wu, Wei-Tao & Zhou, Zhi-Fu & Chen, Bin, 2024. "Advances on two-phase heat transfer for lithium-ion battery thermal management," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    13. Ren, Zhijun & Li, Huajie & Yan, Wenyi & Lv, Weiguang & Zhang, Guangming & Lv, Longyi & Sun, Li & Sun, Zhi & Gao, Wenfang, 2023. "Comprehensive evaluation on production and recycling of lithium-ion batteries: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    14. Zhou, Zhizuan & Zhou, Xiaodong & Li, Maoyu & Cao, Bei & Liew, K.M. & Yang, Lizhong, 2022. "Experimentally exploring prevention of thermal runaway propagation of large-format prismatic lithium-ion battery module," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    15. Chang, Long & Ma, Chen & Zhang, Chenghui & Duan, Bin & Cui, Naxin & Li, Changlong, 2023. "Correlations of lithium-ion battery parameter variations and connected configurations on pack statistics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 329(C).
    16. Chie Hoon Song, 2021. "Exploring and Predicting the Knowledge Development in the Field of Energy Storage: Evidence from the Emerging Startup Landscape," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-20, September.
    17. Byong-June Lee & Chen Zhao & Jeong-Hoon Yu & Tong-Hyun Kang & Hyean-Yeol Park & Joonhee Kang & Yongju Jung & Xiang Liu & Tianyi Li & Wenqian Xu & Xiao-Bing Zuo & Gui-Liang Xu & Khalil Amine & Jong-Sun, 2022. "Development of high-energy non-aqueous lithium-sulfur batteries via redox-active interlayer strategy," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    18. Ananyo Roy & Mohsen Sotoudeh & Sirshendu Dinda & Yushu Tang & Christian Kübel & Axel Groß & Zhirong Zhao-Karger & Maximilian Fichtner & Zhenyou Li, 2024. "Improving rechargeable magnesium batteries through dual cation co-intercalation strategy," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, December.
    19. F. Degen & M. Winter & D. Bendig & J. Tübke, 2023. "Energy consumption of current and future production of lithium-ion and post lithium-ion battery cells," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 8(11), pages 1284-1295, November.
    20. Hiram Kwak & Jae-Seung Kim & Daseul Han & Jong Seok Kim & Juhyoun Park & Gihan Kwon & Seong-Min Bak & Unseon Heo & Changhyun Park & Hyun-Wook Lee & Kyung-Wan Nam & Dong-Hwa Seo & Yoon Seok Jung, 2023. "Boosting the interfacial superionic conduction of halide solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.

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