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Using sales data to assess cooking gas adoption and the impact of India’s Ujjwala programme in rural Karnataka

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  • Abhishek Kar

    (University of British Columbia)

  • Shonali Pachauri

    (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis)

  • Rob Bailis

    (United States Centre)

  • Hisham Zerriffi

    (University of British Columbia)

Abstract

More than 70 million poor women in India have received liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stoves within the first 35 months under a government programme, Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY). Here, we analyse multi-year LPG sales data from a district in Karnataka to assess enrolment and consumption trends for both PMUY beneficiaries and general (non-PMUY) rural consumers. We find rapid growth in enrolments of LPG consumers, but this is not matched by an increase in LPG sales, suggesting that LPG access has not induced a full transition away from the use of polluting solid fuels. The number of LPG refills among PMUY beneficiaries is less than half that of rural general consumers. We also find no observable increase in LPG consumption among general rural consumers with years of experience. These results suggest that mid-course policy revisions to encourage regular LPG use are needed for both PMUY and general rural consumers.

Suggested Citation

  • Abhishek Kar & Shonali Pachauri & Rob Bailis & Hisham Zerriffi, 2019. "Using sales data to assess cooking gas adoption and the impact of India’s Ujjwala programme in rural Karnataka," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 4(9), pages 806-814, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natene:v:4:y:2019:i:9:d:10.1038_s41560-019-0429-8
    DOI: 10.1038/s41560-019-0429-8
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    Cited by:

    1. Talevi, Marta & Pattanayak, Subhrendu K. & Das, Ipsita & Lewis, Jessica J. & Singha, Ashok K., 2022. "Speaking from experience: Preferences for cooking with biogas in rural India," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    2. Gill-Wiehl, A. & Ray, I. & Kammen, D., 2021. "Is clean cooking affordable? A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    3. Gould, Carlos F. & Jha, Shaily & Patnaik, Sasmita & Agrawal, Shalu & Zhang, Alice Tianbo & Saluja, Sonakshi & Nandan, Vagisha & Mani, Sunil & Urpelainen, Johannes, 2022. "Variability in the household use of cooking fuels: The importance of dishes cooked, non-cooking end uses, and seasonality in understanding fuel stacking in rural and urban slum communities in six nort," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    4. Perros, T. & Allison, A.L. & Tomei, J. & Aketch, V. & Parikh, P., 2023. "Cleaning up the stack: Evaluating a clean cooking fuel stacking intervention in urban Kenya," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    5. Laura F. Orlando & Anthony J. DePinto & Kiri Joy Wallace, 2022. "Ecohealth Villages: A Framework for an Ecosystem Approach to Health in Human Settlements," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-11, June.
    6. Alice Tianbo Zhang & Sasmita Patnaik & Shaily Jha & Shalu Agrawal & Carlos F. Gould & Johannes Urpelainen, 2022. "Evidence of multidimensional gender inequality in energy services from a large-scale household survey in India," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 7(8), pages 698-707, August.
    7. Biswas, Shreya & Das, Upasak, 2022. "Adding fuel to human capital: Exploring the educational effects of cooking fuel choice from rural India," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
    8. Kar, Abhishek & Brauer, Michael & Bailis, Rob & Zerriffi, Hisham, 2020. "The risk of survey bias in self-reports vs. actual consumption of clean cooking fuels," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 18(C).
    9. Anandajit Goswami & Kaushik Ranjan Bandyopadhyay & Preeti Singh & Amulya Gurtu, 2023. "Rural Energy Transition for Cooking in India—Revisiting the Drivers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-21, May.
    10. Shupler, Matthew & Mwitari, James & Gohole, Arthur & Anderson de Cuevas, Rachel & Puzzolo, Elisa & Čukić, Iva & Nix, Emily & Pope, Daniel, 2021. "COVID-19 impacts on household energy & food security in a Kenyan informal settlement: The need for integrated approaches to the SDGs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    11. Debbi Stanistreet & Lirije Hyseni & Elisa Puzzolo & James Higgerson & Sara Ronzi & Rachel Anderson de Cuevas & Oluwakorede Adekoje & Nigel Bruce & Bertrand Mbatchou Ngahane & Daniel Pope, 2019. "Barriers and Facilitators to the Adoption and Sustained Use of Cleaner Fuels in Southwest Cameroon: Situating ‘Lay’ Knowledge within Evidence-Based Policy and Practice," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-18, November.
    12. Yokoo, Hide-Fumi & Arimura, Toshi H. & Chattopadhyay, Mriduchhanda & Katayama, Hajime, 2023. "Subjective risk belief function in the field: Evidence from cooking fuel choices and health in India," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    13. Neto-Bradley, André Paul & Choudhary, Ruchi & Bazaz, Amir, 2020. "Slipping through the net: Can data science approaches help target clean cooking policy interventions?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    14. Praveen Kumar & Robert Ethan Dover & Antonia Díaz-Valdés Iriarte & Smitha Rao & Romina Garakani & Sophia Hadingham & Amar Dhand & Rachel G. Tabak & Ross C. Brownson & Gautam N. Yadama, 2020. "Affordability, Accessibility, and Awareness in the Adoption of Liquefied Petroleum Gas: A Case-Control Study in Rural India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-14, June.
    15. Vyas, Sangita & Gupta, Aashish & Khalid, Nazar, 2020. "Gender and LPG use after government intervention in rural north India," SocArXiv 3v4cj, Center for Open Science.
    16. Vyas, Sangita & Gupta, Aashish & Khalid, Nazar, 2021. "Gender and LPG use after government intervention in rural north India," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 148(C).
    17. Shupler, Matthew & O'Keefe, Mark & Puzzolo, Elisa & Nix, Emily & Anderson de Cuevas, Rachel & Mwitari, James & Gohole, Arthur & Sang, Edna & Čukić, Iva & Menya, Diana & Pope, Daniel, 2021. "Pay-as-you-go liquefied petroleum gas supports sustainable clean cooking in Kenyan informal urban settlement during COVID-19 lockdown," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    18. Rajesh Kalli & Pradyot Ranjan Jena & Shunsuke Managi, 2022. "Subsidized LPG Scheme and the Shift to Cleaner Household Energy Use: Evidence from a Tribal Community of Eastern India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-16, February.
    19. Gill-Wiehl, Annelise & Brown, Timothy & Smith, Kirk, 2022. "The need to prioritize consumption: A difference-in-differences approach to analyze the total effect of India's below-the-poverty-line policies on LPG use," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    20. Carlos F. Gould & Ajay Pillarisetti & Lisa M. Thompson & Sonakshi Saluja & Vagisha Nandan & Johannes Urpelainen, 2023. "Using high-frequency household surveys to describe energy use in rural North India during the COVID-19 pandemic," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 8(2), pages 169-178, February.

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