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Simulating the value of electric-vehicle–grid integration using a behaviourally realistic model

Author

Listed:
  • Michael Wolinetz

    (Navius Research
    Sustainable Transportation Action Research Team, Simon Fraser University)

  • Jonn Axsen

    (Sustainable Transportation Action Research Team, Simon Fraser University)

  • Jotham Peters

    (Navius Research
    Sustainable Transportation Action Research Team, Simon Fraser University)

  • Curran Crawford

    (Institute for Integrated Energy Systems, University of Victoria)

Abstract

Vehicle–grid integration (VGI) uses the interaction between electric vehicles and the electrical grid to provide benefits that may include reducing the cost of using intermittent renwable electricity or providing a financial incentive for electric vehicle ownerhip. However, studies that estimate the value of VGI benefits have largely ignored how consumer behaviour will affect the magnitude of the impact. Here, we simulate the long-term impact of VGI using behaviourally realistic and empirically derived models of vehicle adoption and charging combined with an electricity system model. We focus on the case where a central entity manages the charging rate and timing for participating electric vehicles. VGI is found not to increase the adoption of electric vehicles, but does have a a small beneficial impact on electricity prices. By 2050, VGI reduces wholesale electricity prices by 0.6–0.7% (0.7 $ MWh–1, 2010 CAD) relative to an equivalent scenario without VGI. Excluding consumer behaviour from the analysis inflates the value of VGI.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Wolinetz & Jonn Axsen & Jotham Peters & Curran Crawford, 2018. "Simulating the value of electric-vehicle–grid integration using a behaviourally realistic model," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 3(2), pages 132-139, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natene:v:3:y:2018:i:2:d:10.1038_s41560-017-0077-9
    DOI: 10.1038/s41560-017-0077-9
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    Cited by:

    1. Hajebrahimi, Ali & Kamwa, Innocent & Huneault, Maurice, 2018. "A novel approach for plug-in electric vehicle planning and electricity load management in presence of a clean disruptive technology," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 975-985.
    2. Gonzalez Venegas, Felipe & Petit, Marc & Perez, Yannick, 2021. "Active integration of electric vehicles into distribution grids: Barriers and frameworks for flexibility services," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    3. Lauvergne, Rémi & Perez, Yannick & Françon, Mathilde & Tejeda De La Cruz, Alberto, 2022. "Integration of electric vehicles into transmission grids: A case study on generation adequacy in Europe in 2040," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    4. Zheng, Yanchong & Wang, Yubin & Yang, Qiang, 2023. "Two-phase operation for coordinated charging of electric vehicles in a market environment: From electric vehicle aggregators’ perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    5. Milan Straka & Rui Carvalho & Gijs van der Poel & v{L}ubov{s} Buzna, 2020. "Explaining the distribution of energy consumption at slow charging infrastructure for electric vehicles from socio-economic data," Papers 2006.01672, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2020.
    6. Liu, Junbei & Zhuge, Chengxiang & Tang, Justin Hayse Chiwing G. & Meng, Meng & Zhang, Jie, 2022. "A spatial agent-based joint model of electric vehicle and vehicle-to-grid adoption: A case of Beijing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 310(C).
    7. Yao, Zhaosheng & Wang, Zhiyuan & Ran, Lun, 2023. "Smart charging and discharging of electric vehicles based on multi-objective robust optimization in smart cities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 343(C).
    8. Li, Xiaohui & Wang, Zhenpo & Zhang, Lei & Sun, Fengchun & Cui, Dingsong & Hecht, Christopher & Figgener, Jan & Sauer, Dirk Uwe, 2023. "Electric vehicle behavior modeling and applications in vehicle-grid integration: An overview," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    9. Kacperski, Celina & Ulloa, Roberto & Klingert, Sonja & Kirpes, Benedikt & Kutzner, Florian, 2022. "Impact of incentives for greener battery electric vehicle charging – A field experiment," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    10. Siobhan Powell & Gustavo Vianna Cezar & Liang Min & Inês M. L. Azevedo & Ram Rajagopal, 2022. "Charging infrastructure access and operation to reduce the grid impacts of deep electric vehicle adoption," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 7(10), pages 932-945, October.
    11. Zheng, Xuemei & Menezes, Flavio & Zheng, Xiaofeng & Wu, Chengkuan, 2022. "An empirical assessment of the impact of subsidies on EV adoption in China: A difference-in-differences approach," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 121-136.
    12. Keller, Victor & Lyseng, Benjamin & Wade, Cameron & Scholtysik, Sven & Fowler, McKenzie & Donald, James & Palmer-Wilson, Kevin & Robertson, Bryson & Wild, Peter & Rowe, Andrew, 2019. "Electricity system and emission impact of direct and indirect electrification of heavy-duty transportation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 740-751.
    13. Dingyi Lu & Yunqian Lu & Kexin Zhang & Chuyuan Zhang & Shao-Chao Ma, 2023. "An Application Designed for Guiding the Coordinated Charging of Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-16, July.
    14. Pavić, Ivan & Pandžić, Hrvoje & Capuder, Tomislav, 2020. "Electric vehicle based smart e-mobility system – Definition and comparison to the existing concept," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    15. Sulabh Sachan & Sanchari Deb & Praveen Prakash Singh & Mohammad Saad Alam & Samir M. Shariff, 2022. "A comprehensive review of standards and best practices for utility grid integration with electric vehicle charging stations," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(3), May.
    16. Ali Saadon Al-Ogaili & Ali Q. Al-Shetwi & Hussein M. K. Al-Masri & Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu & Yap Hoon & Khaled Alzaareer & N. V. Phanendra Babu, 2021. "Review of the Estimation Methods of Energy Consumption for Battery Electric Buses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-28, November.
    17. Jiao, Zihao & Ran, Lun & Zhang, Yanzi & Ren, Yaping, 2021. "Robust vehicle-to-grid power dispatching operations amid sociotechnical complexities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    18. Wei, Hongqian & Zhang, Youtong & Wang, Yongzhen & Hua, Weiqi & Jing, Rui & Zhou, Yue, 2022. "Planning integrated energy systems coupling V2G as a flexible storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PB).
    19. Chien-Liang Chiu & I-Fan Hsiao & Lily Chang, 2023. "Overviewing Global Surface Temperature Changes Regarding CO 2 Emission, Population Density, and Energy Consumption in the Industry: Policy Suggestions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-16, April.
    20. Li, Bo & Ma, Ziming & Hidalgo-Gonzalez, Patricia & Lathem, Alex & Fedorova, Natalie & He, Gang & Zhong, Haiwang & Chen, Minyou & Kammen, Daniel M., 2021. "Modeling the impact of EVs in the Chinese power system: Pathways for implementing emissions reduction commitments in the power and transportation sectors," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).

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