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Spectroelectrochemical analysis of the mechanism of (photo)electrochemical hydrogen evolution at a catalytic interface

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  • Ernest Pastor

    (Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus
    Present addresses: Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA)

  • Florian Le Formal

    (Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus
    Present addresses: Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland)

  • Matthew T. Mayer

    (Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces)

  • S. David Tilley

    (Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces
    Present addresses: Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland)

  • Laia Francàs

    (Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus)

  • Camilo A. Mesa

    (Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus)

  • Michael Grätzel

    (Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces)

  • James R. Durrant

    (Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus)

Abstract

Multi-electron heterogeneous catalysis is a pivotal element in the (photo)electrochemical generation of solar fuels. However, mechanistic studies of these systems are difficult to elucidate by means of electrochemical methods alone. Here we report a spectroelectrochemical analysis of hydrogen evolution on ruthenium oxide employed as an electrocatalyst and as part of a cuprous oxide-based photocathode. We use optical absorbance spectroscopy to quantify the densities of reduced ruthenium oxide species, and correlate these with current densities resulting from proton reduction. This enables us to compare directly the catalytic function of dark and light electrodes. We find that hydrogen evolution is second order in the density of active, doubly reduced species independent of whether these are generated by applied potential or light irradiation. Our observation of a second order rate law allows us to distinguish between the most common reaction paths and propose a mechanism involving the homolytic reductive elimination of hydrogen.

Suggested Citation

  • Ernest Pastor & Florian Le Formal & Matthew T. Mayer & S. David Tilley & Laia Francàs & Camilo A. Mesa & Michael Grätzel & James R. Durrant, 2017. "Spectroelectrochemical analysis of the mechanism of (photo)electrochemical hydrogen evolution at a catalytic interface," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 1-7, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:8:y:2017:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms14280
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14280
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