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Macrophages monitor tissue osmolarity and induce inflammatory response through NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome activation

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  • W. K. Eddie Ip

    (Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine)

  • Ruslan Medzhitov

    (Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine)

Abstract

Interstitial osmolality is a key homeostatic variable that varies depending on the tissue microenvironment. Mammalian cells have effective mechanisms to cope with osmotic stress by engaging various adaptation responses. Hyperosmolality due to high dietary salt intake has been linked to pathological inflammatory conditions. Little is known about the mechanisms of sensing the hyperosmotic stress by the innate immune system. Here we report that caspase-1 is activated in macrophages under hypertonic conditions. Mice with high dietary salt intake display enhanced induction of Th17 response upon immunization, and this effect is abolished in caspase-1-deficient mice. Our findings identify an unknown function of the inflammasome as a sensor of hyperosmotic stress, which is crucial for the induction of inflammatory Th17 response.

Suggested Citation

  • W. K. Eddie Ip & Ruslan Medzhitov, 2015. "Macrophages monitor tissue osmolarity and induce inflammatory response through NLRP3 and NLRC4 inflammasome activation," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-11, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:6:y:2015:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms7931
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7931
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