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Trehalose glycopolymer resists allow direct writing of protein patterns by electron-beam lithography

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  • Erhan Bat

    (University of California, Los Angeles
    California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
    Present Address: Department of Chemical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.)

  • Juneyoung Lee

    (University of California, Los Angeles
    California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles)

  • Uland Y. Lau

    (California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
    University of California, Los Angeles)

  • Heather D. Maynard

    (University of California, Los Angeles
    California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
    University of California, Los Angeles)

Abstract

Direct-write patterning of multiple proteins on surfaces is of tremendous interest for a myriad of applications. Precise arrangement of different proteins at increasingly smaller dimensions is a fundamental challenge to apply the materials in tissue engineering, diagnostics, proteomics and biosensors. Herein, we present a new resist that protects proteins during electron-beam exposure and its application in direct-write patterning of multiple proteins. Polymers with pendant trehalose units are shown to effectively crosslink to surfaces as negative resists, while at the same time providing stabilization to proteins during the vacuum and electron-beam irradiation steps. In this manner, arbitrary patterns of several different classes of proteins such as enzymes, growth factors and immunoglobulins are realized. Utilizing the high-precision alignment capability of electron-beam lithography, surfaces with complex patterns of multiple proteins are successfully generated at the micrometre and nanometre scale without requiring cleanroom conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Erhan Bat & Juneyoung Lee & Uland Y. Lau & Heather D. Maynard, 2015. "Trehalose glycopolymer resists allow direct writing of protein patterns by electron-beam lithography," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-8, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:6:y:2015:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms7654
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7654
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