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Ambient seafloor noise excited by earthquakes in the Nankai subduction zone

Author

Listed:
  • Takashi Tonegawa

    (Research and Development Center for Earthquake and Tsunami, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology)

  • Yoshio Fukao

    (Research and Development Center for Earthquake and Tsunami, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology)

  • Tsutomu Takahashi

    (Research and Development Center for Earthquake and Tsunami, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology)

  • Koichiro Obana

    (Research and Development Center for Earthquake and Tsunami, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology)

  • Shuichi Kodaira

    (Research and Development Center for Earthquake and Tsunami, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology)

  • Yoshiyuki Kaneda

    (Disaster Mitigation Research Center, Nagoya University)

Abstract

Excitations of seismic background noises are mostly related to fluid disturbances in the atmosphere, ocean and the solid Earth. Earthquakes have not been considered as a stationary excitation source because they occur intermittently. Here we report that acoustic-coupled Rayleigh waves (at 0.7–2.0 Hz) travelling in the ocean and marine sediments, retrieved by correlating ambient noise on a hydrophone array deployed through a shallow to deep seafloor (100–4,800 m) across the Nankai Trough, Japan, are incessantly excited by nearby small earthquakes. The observed cross-correlation functions and 2D numerical simulations for wave propagation through a laterally heterogeneous ocean–crust system show that, in a subduction zone, energetic wave sources are located primarily under the seafloor in directions consistent with nearby seismicity, and secondarily in the ocean. Short-period background noise in the ocean–crust system in the Nankai subduction zone is mainly attributed to ocean-acoustic Rayleigh waves of earthquake origin.

Suggested Citation

  • Takashi Tonegawa & Yoshio Fukao & Tsutomu Takahashi & Koichiro Obana & Shuichi Kodaira & Yoshiyuki Kaneda, 2015. "Ambient seafloor noise excited by earthquakes in the Nankai subduction zone," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 6(1), pages 1-7, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:6:y:2015:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms7132
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7132
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