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Genome flux and stasis in a five millennium transect of European prehistory

Author

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  • Cristina Gamba

    (School of Archaeology, University College Dublin
    Conway Institute, University College Dublin
    Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Eppie R. Jones

    (Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Matthew D. Teasdale

    (Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Russell L. McLaughlin

    (Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Gloria Gonzalez-Fortes

    (Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam)

  • Valeria Mattiangeli

    (Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin)

  • László Domboróczki

    (Dobó István Castle Museum)

  • Ivett Kővári

    (JPAC-Central Identification Laboratory)

  • Ildikó Pap

    (Hungarian Natural History Museum)

  • Alexandra Anders

    (Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Archaeological Sciences)

  • Alasdair Whittle

    (Cardiff University)

  • János Dani

    (Déri Museum)

  • Pál Raczky

    (Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Archaeological Sciences)

  • Thomas F. G. Higham

    (Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford)

  • Michael Hofreiter

    (Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam)

  • Daniel G Bradley

    (Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin)

  • Ron Pinhasi

    (School of Archaeology, University College Dublin
    Conway Institute, University College Dublin
    Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin
    Earth Institute, University College Dublin)

Abstract

The Great Hungarian Plain was a crossroads of cultural transformations that have shaped European prehistory. Here we analyse a 5,000-year transect of human genomes, sampled from petrous bones giving consistently excellent endogenous DNA yields, from 13 Hungarian Neolithic, Copper, Bronze and Iron Age burials including two to high (~22 × ) and seven to ~1 × coverage, to investigate the impact of these on Europe’s genetic landscape. These data suggest genomic shifts with the advent of the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages, with interleaved periods of genome stability. The earliest Neolithic context genome shows a European hunter-gatherer genetic signature and a restricted ancestral population size, suggesting direct contact between cultures after the arrival of the first farmers into Europe. The latest, Iron Age, sample reveals an eastern genomic influence concordant with introduced Steppe burial rites. We observe transition towards lighter pigmentation and surprisingly, no Neolithic presence of lactase persistence.

Suggested Citation

  • Cristina Gamba & Eppie R. Jones & Matthew D. Teasdale & Russell L. McLaughlin & Gloria Gonzalez-Fortes & Valeria Mattiangeli & László Domboróczki & Ivett Kővári & Ildikó Pap & Alexandra Anders & Alasd, 2014. "Genome flux and stasis in a five millennium transect of European prehistory," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 5(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:5:y:2014:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms6257
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6257
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