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Atomically resolved imaging of highly ordered alternating fluorinated graphene

Author

Listed:
  • Reza J. Kashtiban

    (University of Warwick)

  • M Adam Dyson

    (University of Warwick)

  • Rahul R. Nair

    (School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester)

  • Recep Zan

    (School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester
    Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Niğde University)

  • Swee L. Wong

    (School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester)

  • Quentin Ramasse

    (SuperSTEM Laboratory, STFC Daresbury Campus)

  • Andre K. Geim

    (School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester)

  • Ursel Bangert

    (School of Materials, The University of Manchester
    University of Limerick)

  • Jeremy Sloan

    (University of Warwick)

Abstract

One of the most desirable goals of graphene research is to produce ordered two-dimensional (2D) chemical derivatives of suitable quality for monolayer device fabrication. Here we reveal, by focal series exit wave reconstruction (EWR), that C2F chair is a stable graphene derivative and demonstrates pristine long-range order limited only by the size of a functionalized domain. Focal series of images of graphene and C2F chair formed by reaction with XeF2 were obtained at 80 kV in an aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope. EWR images reveal that single carbon atoms and carbon–fluorine pairs in C2F chair alternate strictly over domain sizes of at least 150 nm2 with electron diffraction indicating ordered domains ≥0.16 μm2. Our results also indicate that, within an ordered domain, functionalization occurs on one side only as theory predicts. In addition, we show that electron diffraction provides a quick and easy method for distinguishing between graphene, C2F chair and fully fluorinated stoichiometric CF 2D phases.

Suggested Citation

  • Reza J. Kashtiban & M Adam Dyson & Rahul R. Nair & Recep Zan & Swee L. Wong & Quentin Ramasse & Andre K. Geim & Ursel Bangert & Jeremy Sloan, 2014. "Atomically resolved imaging of highly ordered alternating fluorinated graphene," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 5(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:5:y:2014:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms5902
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5902
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