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Evolutionary conservation of cold-induced antisense RNAs of FLOWERING LOCUS C in Arabidopsis thaliana perennial relatives

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  • Loren Castaings

    (Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10
    Present address: Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Plantes, 2 place Pierre Viala, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France)

  • Sara Bergonzi

    (Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10)

  • Maria C. Albani

    (Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10
    Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47B)

  • Ulla Kemi

    (Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10
    University of Oulu, PO Box 3000)

  • Outi Savolainen

    (University of Oulu, PO Box 3000
    Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu)

  • George Coupland

    (Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl von Linné Weg 10)

Abstract

Antisense RNA (asRNA) COOLAIR is expressed at A. thaliana FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) in response to winter temperatures. Its contribution to cold-induced silencing of FLC was proposed but its functional and evolutionary significance remain unclear. Here we identify a highly conserved block containing the COOLAIR first exon and core promoter at the 3′ end of several FLC orthologues. Furthermore, asRNAs related to COOLAIR are expressed at FLC loci in the perennials A. alpina and A. lyrata, although some splicing variants differ from A. thaliana. Study of the A. alpina orthologue, PERPETUAL FLOWERING 1 (PEP1), demonstrates that AaCOOLAIR is induced each winter of the perennial life cycle. Introduction of PEP1 into A. thaliana reveals that AaCOOLAIR cis-elements confer cold-inducibility in this heterologous species while the difference between PEP1 and FLC mRNA patterns depends on both cis-elements and species-specific trans-acting factors. Thus, expression of COOLAIR is highly conserved, supporting its importance in FLC regulation.

Suggested Citation

  • Loren Castaings & Sara Bergonzi & Maria C. Albani & Ulla Kemi & Outi Savolainen & George Coupland, 2014. "Evolutionary conservation of cold-induced antisense RNAs of FLOWERING LOCUS C in Arabidopsis thaliana perennial relatives," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 5(1), pages 1-9, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:5:y:2014:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms5457
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5457
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