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Ultrafast fluorescence imaging in vivo with conjugated polymer fluorophores in the second near-infrared window

Author

Listed:
  • Guosong Hong

    (Stanford University)

  • Yingping Zou

    (College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University
    State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University
    Institute of Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process in Advanced Materials, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University)

  • Alexander L. Antaris

    (Stanford University)

  • Shuo Diao

    (Stanford University)

  • Di Wu

    (Stanford University)

  • Kai Cheng

    (School of Medicine, Stanford University)

  • Xiaodong Zhang

    (Stanford University)

  • Changxin Chen

    (Stanford University)

  • Bo Liu

    (College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University
    State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University)

  • Yuehui He

    (State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University)

  • Justin Z. Wu

    (Stanford University)

  • Jun Yuan

    (College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University)

  • Bo Zhang

    (Stanford University)

  • Zhimin Tao

    (Stanford University)

  • Chihiro Fukunaga

    (Stanford University)

  • Hongjie Dai

    (Stanford University)

Abstract

In vivo fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (1.0–1.7 μm) can afford deep tissue penetration and high spatial resolution, owing to the reduced scattering of long-wavelength photons. Here we synthesize a series of low-bandgap donor/acceptor copolymers with tunable emission wavelengths of 1,050–1,350 nm in this window. Non-covalent functionalization with phospholipid–polyethylene glycol results in water-soluble and biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles, allowing for live cell molecular imaging at >1,000 nm with polymer fluorophores for the first time. Importantly, the high quantum yield of the polymer allows for in vivo, deep-tissue and ultrafast imaging of mouse arterial blood flow with an unprecedented frame rate of >25 frames per second. The high time-resolution results in spatially and time resolved imaging of the blood flow pattern in cardiogram waveform over a single cardiac cycle (~200 ms) of a mouse, which has not been observed with fluorescence imaging in this window before.

Suggested Citation

  • Guosong Hong & Yingping Zou & Alexander L. Antaris & Shuo Diao & Di Wu & Kai Cheng & Xiaodong Zhang & Changxin Chen & Bo Liu & Yuehui He & Justin Z. Wu & Jun Yuan & Bo Zhang & Zhimin Tao & Chihiro Fuk, 2014. "Ultrafast fluorescence imaging in vivo with conjugated polymer fluorophores in the second near-infrared window," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 5(1), pages 1-9, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:5:y:2014:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms5206
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5206
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