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The towering orogeny of New Guinea as a trigger for arthropod megadiversity

Author

Listed:
  • Emmanuel F. A. Toussaint

    (Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstraße 21)

  • Robert Hall

    (Southeast Asia Research Group, Royal Holloway University of London)

  • Michael T. Monaghan

    (Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301)

  • Katayo Sagata

    (Papua New Guinea Institute for Biological Research)

  • Sentiko Ibalim

    (New Guinea Binatung Research Centre)

  • Helena V. Shaverdo

    (Naturhistorisches Museum, Burgring 7)

  • Alfried P. Vogler

    (Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road
    Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus)

  • Joan Pons

    (IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, c/Miquel Marquès 21)

  • Michael Balke

    (Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstraße 21
    GeoBioCenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-University)

Abstract

Early studies on Melanesian mountain systems provided insights for fundamental evolutionary and ecological concepts. These island-like systems are thought to provide opportunities in the form of newly formed, competition-free niches. Here we show that a hyperdiverse radiation of freshwater arthropods originated in the emerging central New Guinea orogen, out of Australia, about 10 million years ago. Further diversification was mainly allopatric, with repeated more recent colonization of lowlands as they emerged in the form of colliding oceanic island arcs, continental fragments and the Papuan Peninsula, as well as recolonization of the central orogen. We unveil a constant and ongoing process of lineage accumulation while the carrying capacity of the island is about to be reached, suggesting that lineage diversification speed now exceeds that of landmass/new ecological opportunity formation. Therefore, the central orogeny of New Guinea acts as a motor of diversification for the entire region.

Suggested Citation

  • Emmanuel F. A. Toussaint & Robert Hall & Michael T. Monaghan & Katayo Sagata & Sentiko Ibalim & Helena V. Shaverdo & Alfried P. Vogler & Joan Pons & Michael Balke, 2014. "The towering orogeny of New Guinea as a trigger for arthropod megadiversity," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 5(1), pages 1-10, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:5:y:2014:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms5001
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5001
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