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Neuronal adaptation involves rapid expansion of the action potential initiation site

Author

Listed:
  • Ricardo S. Scott

    (UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London
    Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández—CSIC)

  • Christian Henneberger

    (UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London
    Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, University of Bonn Medical School)

  • Ragunathan Padmashri

    (UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London
    Present address: University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA)

  • Stefanie Anders

    (Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, University of Bonn Medical School)

  • Thomas P. Jensen

    (UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London)

  • Dmitri A. Rusakov

    (UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London)

Abstract

Action potential (AP) generation is the key to information-processing in the brain. Although APs are normally initiated in the axonal initial segment, developmental adaptation or prolonged network activity may alter the initiation site geometry thus affecting cell excitability. Here we find that hippocampal dentate granule cells adapt their spiking threshold to the kinetics of the ongoing dendrosomatic excitatory input by expanding the AP-initiation area away from the soma while also decelerating local axonal spikes. Dual-patch soma–axon recordings combined with axonal Na+ and Ca2+ imaging and biophysical modelling show that the underlying mechanism involves distance-dependent inactivation of axonal Na+ channels due to somatic depolarization propagating into the axon. Thus, the ensuing changes in the AP-initiation zone and local AP propagation could provide activity-dependent control of cell excitability and spiking on a relatively rapid timescale.

Suggested Citation

  • Ricardo S. Scott & Christian Henneberger & Ragunathan Padmashri & Stefanie Anders & Thomas P. Jensen & Dmitri A. Rusakov, 2014. "Neuronal adaptation involves rapid expansion of the action potential initiation site," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 5(1), pages 1-12, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:5:y:2014:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms4817
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4817
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