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Morphology of seahorse head hydrodynamically aids in capture of evasive prey

Author

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  • Brad J. Gemmell

    (Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin)

  • Jian Sheng

    (Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics, University of Minnesota
    Present address: Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Box 41021, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA)

  • Edward J. Buskey

    (Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin)

Abstract

Syngnathid fish (seahorses, pipefish and sea dragons) are slow swimmers yet capture evasive prey (copepods) using a technique known as the ‘pivot’ feeding, which involves rapid movement to overcome prey escape capabilities. However, this feeding mode functions only at short range and requires approaching very closely to hydrodynamically sensitive prey without triggering an escape. Here we investigate the role of head morphology on prey capture using holographic and particle image velocimetry (PIV). We show that head morphology functions to create a reduced fluid deformation zone, minimizing hydrodynamic disturbance where feeding strikes occur (above the end of the snout), and permits syngnathid fish to approach highly sensitive copepod prey (Acartia tonsa) undetected. The results explain how these animals can successfully employ short range ‘pivot’ feeding effectively on evasive prey. The need to approach prey with stealth may have selected for a head shape that produces lower deformation rates than other fish.

Suggested Citation

  • Brad J. Gemmell & Jian Sheng & Edward J. Buskey, 2013. "Morphology of seahorse head hydrodynamically aids in capture of evasive prey," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 4(1), pages 1-8, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:4:y:2013:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms3840
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3840
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