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Distinct charge dynamics in battery electrodes revealed by in situ and operando soft X-ray spectroscopy

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  • Xiaosong Liu

    (Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
    State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Dongdong Wang

    (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)

  • Gao Liu

    (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)

  • Venkat Srinivasan

    (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)

  • Zhi Liu

    (Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
    State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

  • Zahid Hussain

    (Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)

  • Wanli Yang

    (Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)

Abstract

Developing high-performance batteries relies on material breakthroughs. During the past few years, various in situ characterization tools have been developed and have become indispensible in studying and the eventual optimization of battery materials. However, soft X-ray spectroscopy, one of the most sensitive probes of electronic states, has been mainly limited to ex situ experiments for battery research. Here we achieve in situ and operando soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy of lithium-ion battery cathodes. Taking advantage of the elemental, chemical and surface sensitivities of soft X-rays, we discover distinct lithium-ion and electron dynamics in Li(Co1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3)O2 and LiFePO4 cathodes in polymer electrolytes. The contrast between the two systems and the relaxation effect in LiFePO4 is attributed to a phase transformation mechanism, and the mesoscale morphology and charge conductivity of the electrodes. These discoveries demonstrate feasibility and power of in situ soft X-ray spectroscopy for studying integrated and dynamic effects in batteries.

Suggested Citation

  • Xiaosong Liu & Dongdong Wang & Gao Liu & Venkat Srinivasan & Zhi Liu & Zahid Hussain & Wanli Yang, 2013. "Distinct charge dynamics in battery electrodes revealed by in situ and operando soft X-ray spectroscopy," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 4(1), pages 1-8, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:4:y:2013:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms3568
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3568
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    1. Kaili Yao & Jun Li & Adnan Ozden & Haibin Wang & Ning Sun & Pengyu Liu & Wen Zhong & Wei Zhou & Jieshu Zhou & Xi Wang & Hanqi Liu & Yongchang Liu & Songhua Chen & Yongfeng Hu & Ziyun Wang & David Sint, 2024. "In situ copper faceting enables efficient CO2/CO electrolysis," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
    2. Yuke Bai & Yu Wu & Xichen Zhou & Yifan Ye & Kaiqi Nie & Jiaou Wang & Miao Xie & Zhixue Zhang & Zhaojun Liu & Tao Cheng & Chuanbo Gao, 2022. "Promoting nickel oxidation state transitions in single-layer NiFeB hydroxide nanosheets for efficient oxygen evolution," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-10, December.

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