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Topological defect formation and spontaneous symmetry breaking in ion Coulomb crystals

Author

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  • K. Pyka

    (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt)

  • J. Keller

    (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt)

  • H. L. Partner

    (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt)

  • R. Nigmatullin

    (Institute for Theoretical Physics, Albert Einstein Allee 11, Ulm University
    Imperial College London)

  • T. Burgermeister

    (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt)

  • D. M. Meier

    (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt)

  • K. Kuhlmann

    (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt)

  • A Retzker

    (Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem)

  • M. B. Plenio

    (Institute for Theoretical Physics, Albert Einstein Allee 11, Ulm University
    Imperial College London
    Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Ulm University)

  • W. H. Zurek

    (Los Alamos National Laboratory)

  • A. del Campo

    (Los Alamos National Laboratory
    Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory)

  • T. E. Mehlstäubler

    (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt)

Abstract

Symmetry breaking phase transitions play an important role in nature. When a system traverses such a transition at a finite rate, its causally disconnected regions choose the new broken symmetry state independently. Where such local choices are incompatible, topological defects can form. The Kibble–Zurek mechanism predicts the defect densities to follow a power law that scales with the rate of the transition. Owing to its ubiquitous nature, this theory finds application in a wide field of systems ranging from cosmology to condensed matter. Here we present the successful creation of defects in ion Coulomb crystals by a controlled quench of the confining potential, and observe an enhanced power law scaling in accordance with numerical simulations and recent predictions. This simple system with well-defined critical exponents opens up ways to investigate the physics of non-equilibrium dynamics from the classical to the quantum regime.

Suggested Citation

  • K. Pyka & J. Keller & H. L. Partner & R. Nigmatullin & T. Burgermeister & D. M. Meier & K. Kuhlmann & A Retzker & M. B. Plenio & W. H. Zurek & A. del Campo & T. E. Mehlstäubler, 2013. "Topological defect formation and spontaneous symmetry breaking in ion Coulomb crystals," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 4(1), pages 1-6, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:4:y:2013:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms3291
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3291
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