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Integrated Mach–Zehnder interferometer for Bose–Einstein condensates

Author

Listed:
  • T. Berrada

    (Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien)

  • S. van Frank

    (Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien)

  • R. Bücker

    (Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien)

  • T. Schumm

    (Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien)

  • J.-F. Schaff

    (Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien)

  • J Schmiedmayer

    (Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien)

Abstract

Particle-wave duality enables the construction of interferometers for matter waves, which complement optical interferometers in precision measurement devices. This requires the development of atom-optics analogues to beam splitters, phase shifters and recombiners. Integrating these elements into a single device has been a long-standing goal. Here we demonstrate a full Mach–Zehnder sequence with trapped Bose–Einstein condensates confined on an atom chip. Particle interactions in our Bose–Einstein condensate matter waves lead to a nonlinearity, absent in photon optics. We exploit it to generate a non-classical state having reduced number fluctuations inside the interferometer. Making use of spatially separated wave packets, a controlled phase shift is applied and read out by a non-adiabatic matter-wave recombiner. We demonstrate coherence times a factor of three beyond what is expected for coherent states, highlighting the potential of entanglement as a resource for metrology. Our results pave the way for integrated quantum-enhanced matter-wave sensors.

Suggested Citation

  • T. Berrada & S. van Frank & R. Bücker & T. Schumm & J.-F. Schaff & J Schmiedmayer, 2013. "Integrated Mach–Zehnder interferometer for Bose–Einstein condensates," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 4(1), pages 1-8, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:4:y:2013:i:1:d:10.1038_ncomms3077
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3077
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